Thoracic sonography for pneumothorax: the clinical evaluation of an operational space medicine spin-off

The recent interest in the use of ultrasound (US) to detect pneumothoraces after acute trauma in North America was initially driven by an operational space medicine concern. Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are at risk for pneumothoraces, and US is the only potential medical imaging available. Pneumothoraces are common following trauma, and are a preventable cause of death, as most are treatable with relatively simple interventions. While pneumothoraces are optimally diagnosed clinically, they are more often inapparent even on supine chest radiographs (CXR) with recent series reporting a greater than 50% rate of occult pneumothoraces. In the course of basic scientific investigations in a conventional and parabolic flight laboratory, investigators familiarized themselves with the sonographic features of both pneumothoraces and normal pulmonary ventilation. By examining the visceral–parietal pleural interface (VPPI) with US, investigators became confident in diagnosing pneumothoraces. This knowledge was subsequently translated into practice at an American and a Canadian trauma center. The sonographic examination was found to be more accurate and sensitive than CXR (US 96% and 100% versus US 74% and 36%) in specific circumstances. Initial studies have also suggested that detecting the US features of pleural pulmonary ventilation in the left lung field may offer the ability to exclude serious endotracheal tube malpositions such as right mainstem and esophageal intubations. Applied thoracic US is an example of a clinically useful space medicine spin-off that is improving health care on earth.     

航天雷达高度表

介绍几种航天雷达高度表,其中包括弹载雷达高度表、“土星”雷达高度表和“天空实验室”雷达高度表,最后介绍一种卫星雷达高度表的设计方法。     

异形件转动体多轴联动加工工艺及编程技术研究

为研究异形件转动体在多轴联动加工工艺及编程,本文引入在机测量技术和零点快换夹具,编制了异形件转动体的加工工序,对照加工工序以Surfmill为编程软件编制了加工程序,根据异形件转动体结构特点对M4(M5)螺纹孔、叶片等采取了刀具路径旋转,简化了异形件转动体编程程序,提高了加工效率。     

紫外成像光谱仪焦面CCD散热设计及验证

为保证空间紫外成像光谱仪焦面电荷耦合器件（CCD）在低温环境下的工作性能,需对焦面CCD进行散热设计。首先,根据焦面CCD的热耗、工作模式及温度要求,提出以高性能柔性石墨导热索为主要措施的散热设计方案,建立热仿真模型并进行热分析。然后,在真空环境下进行焦面CCD热平衡试验,结果显示：柔性导热索的CCD连接端与热管连接端温差仅为2.3 ℃,以此推算出导热索自身热阻为0.65 ℃/W,满足热阻小于1 ℃/W的指标要求,具有良好的导热性能;焦面CCD在长期工作模式下的温度为-21.4 ℃,满足低于-20 ℃的工作温度要求。仿真分析和试验结果基本一致,表明采用柔性石墨导热索结合热管的焦面CCD散热设计方案合理可行。     

用于直升机现场计量的低频振动校准技术

本文面向直升机健康与使用监测系统(HUMS)的现场计量保障需求,针对其中振动传感器在低频段尚无法实现现场校准的现状,提出了基于直线电机驱动技术的便携式低频振动校准技术方案。该方案利用高精度直线电机构造低频标准振动源,采用稳定性高的石英挠性加速度计作为标准加速度计,具有体积小、精度高、现场环境适应性好的特点,非常适用直升机HUMS的现场计量保障。根据不确定度评估结果,该方案能够实现0.5Hz～20Hz频率范围,0.01m/s~2～20m/s~2加速度范围内不超过1%的校准不确定度(k=2)。     

Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate

The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day⁻¹ m⁻². As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop’s solution was used in the control experiments.     

基于运动控制卡的多轴机床控制系统

以自行研制的多轴数控机床为实验平台,开发了基于PC机和运动控制卡的主-从式控制系统。系统开发过程中,引进有限状态机模型构建数控软件系统,采用面向对象的设计手法实现各个模块,在Visual C++平台上完成控制系统设计。最后以简便的人机交互界面形式提供用户操作。     

CBERS-1卫星CCD相机的研制

文章简要介绍CBERS-1卫星CCD相机的组成、工作原理、技术攻关情况 ,介绍相机在轨工作情况、图像质量和应用性能评价。