基于Web协同的复杂机械产品工艺数字化定义

工艺数字化定义是工艺管理和产品定义的主要任务之一.为规范工艺数字化内容和方法,在计算机辅助工艺工程研究基础上,确立了工艺数字化定义的范围、详细内容及其定义方法.针对工程应用状况,提出了基于Web的协同工作模式,完善了广义工程数据集概念,结合国内航空企业厂所分家现状论述了基于此概念的并行协同工作过程.工艺数字化定义是数字化设计向数字化制造转化的前提和依据,是企业数字化工程中降低成本、消除浪费、提高企业竞争力的有效手段.此研究内容将推动传统企业制造模式向数字化制造模式的转变.     

面向网络化制造的数控车间组织模式

分析了网络化制造的基本特征和内涵,提出了面向企业的网络化制造系统运行模式;在对某大型航空制造企业的数控车间调研与应用实施的基础上,针对其组织模式存在问题,采用分行企业和独立制造岛的思想建立了适合数控车间网络化、敏捷化制造的分形组织模型;针对车间原有生产模式、产品特性,提出了基于成组技术的数控车间生产单元和生产线的划分方法,建立了面向产品流程的机构组成规则和车间内部的服务支援规则.该模型、方法、原则对传统的离散制造企业具有普遍的适用性,现已成功地被该数控车间采纳.     

卫星相机中侧视反射镜振动及微重力环境下的影响分析

文章介绍了“资源一号”卫星02星在地面测试时CCD相机图像扰振现象和对像质的影响, 图像扰振的原因———相机的侧视反射镜发生振动。探讨了侧视反射镜共振的机理: 由于预紧蜗簧与蜗轮弹性变形的组合弹簧而形成共振系统, 从而使外来干扰振动被放大, 并由此得到克服或控制扰振的方法。此外, 还讨论重力环境变化对反射镜振动的影响,认为不会增大振动的影响, 卫星在轨工作时相机可以保持地面同样效果。卫星发射后, 图像像质良好, 说明反射镜振动得到控制, 也说明重力环境改变对振动没有异常变化。     

Ionospheric Effects of Geomagnetic Storms in Different Longitude Sectors

This paper analyzes the state of the ionosphere during two geomagnetic storms of a different intensity evolving in different sectors of local time in different seasons. There were used the data from a network of ionospheric stations located in the opposite longitudinal sectors of 80°-150° E and 250°-310° E.This analysis has permitted us to conclude that the detected differences in the variations of the disturbances are likely to be determined by the local time difference of the geomagnetic storm development, its intensity and by the different illumination conditions of the ionosphere.      

Interplanetary shocks and sudden impulses during solar maximum (2000) and solar minimum (1995–1996)

In this work a study is performed on the correlation between fast forward interplanetary shock parameters at 1 Astronomical Unit and sudden impulse (SI) amplitudes in the H-component of the geomagnetic field, for periods of solar activity maximum (year 2000) and minimum (year 1995–1996). Solar wind temperature, density and speed, and total magnetic field, were taken to calculate the static pressures (thermal and magnetic) both in the upstream and downstream sides of the shocks. The variations of the solar wind parameters and pressures were then correlated with SI amplitudes. The solar wind speed variations presented good correlations with sudden impulses, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.70 both in solar maximum and solar minimum, whereas the solar wind density presented very low correlation. The parameter better correlated with SI was the square root dynamic pressure variation, showing a larger correlation during solar maximum (r = 0.82) than during solar minimum (r = 0.77). The correlations of SI with square root thermal and magnetic pressure were smaller than with the dynamic pressure, but they also present a good correlation, with r > 0.70 during both solar maximum and minimum. Multiple linear correlation analysis of SI in terms of the three pressure terms have shown that 78% and 85% of the variance in SI during solar maximum and minimum, respectively, are explained by the three pressure variations. Average sudden impulse amplitude was 25 nT during solar maximum and 21 nT during solar minimum, while average square root dynamic pressure variation is 1.20 and 0.86 nPa^1/2 during solar maximum and minimum, respectively. Thus on average, fast forward interplanetary shocks are 33% stronger during solar maximum than during solar minimum, and the magnetospheric SI response has amplitude 20% higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. A comparison with theoretical predictions (Tsyganenko’s model corrected by Earth’s induced currents) of the coefficient of sudden impulse change with solar wind dynamic pressure variation showed excellent agreement, with values around 17 nT/nPa^1/2.     

一种改善飞行员抗荷服性能的新方法

在管式抗荷服的腹囊和两侧管囊间分别装上分压装置和泄压活门,将腹囊内的压力降至管囊内压力的40%左右.在管式抗荷服研制中采用这种新型的分压技术,克服了飞行员穿着时的腹部压痛问题,改善了其舒适性,提高了飞行员的正向过载防护能力.具有分压装置的新型抗荷服进行了10人次的离心机生理试验,在过载增长率3 G/s、最大试验过载9 G条件下,分压装置工作正常,装备抗荷效果达到了3.5 G.对60名歼击机飞行员调查表明,分压装置和泄压活门的大小、安装部位及其舒适性均可接受.该技术已用于其它新型管式抗荷服的设计中.      

基于Fabry-Perot干涉仪的闭环微光机电加速度计

设计了一种闭环反馈差动式双FP腔的微光机电(MOEMS)加速度计,介绍了其工作原理及系统构成.利用惯性敏感单元将对载体加速度的测量转变为对载体位移的测量,利用光纤自聚焦透镜的端面与质量块组成的FP腔测量载体位移.为了提高系统的测量灵敏度和抑制温度等环境因素的影响,设计了一种差动式双FP腔测量机构.为提高微加速度计的输出线性度和动态测量范围,提出了采用静电力平衡技术构成闭环加速度计.建立了其数学模型,对所设计的加速度计重要参数指标——灵敏度、敏感头受载、固有频率等一一进行了详细计算和分析.在此基础上完成了设计背景要求下加速度计参数的优化设计,结果表明:该系统精度可以达到5×10-6g以上.      

三维四向编织复合材料弹性性能的有限元预报

在四步法方型三维编织复合材料细观结构单胞模型的基础上,假设纱线具有六边形横截面,应用ANSYS软件,建立了实体有限元模型,该模型表面与预制件表面平行,更加符合三维编织复合材料的实际结构,且有利于力学性能的分析,同时,该模型中还考虑了织物的编织角与内部编织角的几何关系.基于该模型,计算了材料的弹性常数,分析了编织角和纤维体积含量对弹性常数的影响规律.结果表明,数值计算与实验结果吻合较好.此外,还确定了材料内部的应力场分布,为材料的强度预测奠定了基础.      

基于兴趣划分的内容发布订阅系统关键算法

在基于内容发布订阅系统中,将订阅兴趣在多个代理之间划分是代理负载均衡的重要方法.提出了基于事件空间的K-D树划分方法.通过将事件空间划分成负载相同的区域,优化了系统负载均衡的性能.基于逻辑空间最短距离的概念提出了与划分相关的事件和兴趣路由算法以及单播和多播混和的通知路由方法.两种路由算法减少了事件匹配操作,提高了路由的效率.利用事件空间的区域合并和分裂实现了系统的自组织.实验和与相关工作比较表明,划分方法及其相关算法的引入提高了系统的可伸缩、容错和负载均衡性能.      

Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.