钛合金表面镍包石墨喷涂层的耐磨性能

为了提高钛合金的表面耐磨性,利用氧乙炔热喷涂枪,在TC4合金表面上制备出镍包石墨涂层。采用MXP-2000型销盘式摩擦磨损实验机,进行钛合金及其镍包石墨涂层的干摩擦磨损实验,并利用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析。实验结果发现,镍包石墨涂层的摩擦系数只有钛合金的一半左右,前者磨损量为后者的1/6,说明镍包石墨涂层可以大大提高钛合金的表面耐磨性能。TC4合金的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,喷涂层的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,喷涂层中的石墨润滑相是其耐磨性高的主要原因。     

浇注温度和细化剂对K4169高温合金微观组织的影响

研究了降低浇注温度或加入细化剂后 ,K4 16 9合金晶粒细化的微观组织、夹杂及缩松等的变化。发现同样加或不加细化剂条件下 ,浇注温度越低 ,一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距越小。而同一浇注温度下 ,化学法细晶试样一次枝晶主轴长度较普通试样的短 ,而二者的二次枝晶臂距无明显差别。晶粒细化后 ,晶粒形态由普通铸造组织中的树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变 ,且合金中主要元素的偏析减轻 ,这均有利于提高细晶铸件机械性能。MC型碳化物和Laves相的尺寸、数量和形貌在晶粒细化前后变化不大。铸件中加入微量细化剂不形成夹杂 ,不改变合金相组成。此外 ,加细化剂不仅可使晶粒细化 ,同时铸件中的缩松大大减少     

Refractive Errors in Angle-of-Elevation Measurements

It is shown that the errors associated with radio elevation measurements may be investigated systematically using a variational technique. The error occurring when spaced antennas are used is compared with that for a single directional antenna. Integral expressions are obtained for the refractive errors.     

Present-Day Sea Level Change: Observations and Causes

We investigate climate-related processes causing variations of the global mean sea level on interannual to decadal time scale. We focus on thermal expansion of the oceans and continental water mass balance. We show that during the 1990s where global mean sea level change has been measured by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry, thermal expansion is the dominant contribution to the observed 2.5 mm/yr sea level rise. For the past decades, exchange of water between continental reservoirs and oceans had a small, but not totally negligible contribution (about 0.2 mm/yr) to sea level rise. For the last four decades, thermal contribution is estimated to about 0.5 mm/yr, with a possible accelerated rate of thermosteric rise during the 1990s. Topex/Poseidon shows an increase in mean sea level of 2.5 mm/yr over the last decade, a value about two times larger than reported by historical tide gauges. This would suggest that there has been significant acceleration of sea level rise in the recent past, possibly related to ocean warming. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Genesis Solar-Wind Collector Materials

Genesis (NASA Discovery Mission #5) is a sample return mission. Collectors comprised of ultra-high purity materials will be exposed to the solar wind and then returned to Earth for laboratory analysis. There is a suite of fifteen types of ultra-pure materials distributed among several locations. Most of the materials are mounted on deployable panels (‘collector arrays’), with some as targets in the focal spot of an electrostatic mirror (the ‘concentrator’). Other materials are strategically placed on the spacecraft as additional targets of opportunity to maximize the area for solar-wind collection. Most of the collection area consists of hexagonal collectors in the arrays; approximately half are silicon, the rest are for solar-wind components not retained and/or not easily measured in silicon. There are a variety of materials both in collector arrays and elsewhere targeted for the analyses of specific solar-wind components. Engineering and science factors drove the selection process. Engineering required testing of physical properties such as the ability to withstand shaking on launch and thermal cycling during deployment. Science constraints included bulk purity, surface and interface cleanliness, retentiveness with respect to individual solar-wind components, and availability. A detailed report of material parameters planned as a resource for choosing materials for study will be published on a Genesis website, and will be updated as additional information is obtained. Some material is already linked to the Genesis plasma data website (genesis.lanl.gov). Genesis should provide a reservoir of materials for allocation to the scientific community throughout the 21st Century. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Variations of the magnetic fields in large solar flares

We present preliminary results from high resolution observations obtained with the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on the SOHO of two large solar flares of 14 July 2000 and 24 November 2000. We show that rapid variations of the line-of-sight magnetic field occured on a time scale of a few minutes during the flare explosions. The reversibility/irreversibility of the magnetic field of both active regions is a very good tool for understanding how the magnetic energy is released in these flares. The observed sharp increase of the magnetic energy density at the time of maximum of the solar flare could involve an unknown component which deposited supplementary energy into the system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Spectral-domain covariance estimation with a priori knowledge

A knowledge-aided spectral-domain approach to estimating the interference covariance matrix used in space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is proposed. Prior knowledge of the range-Doppler clutter scene is used to identify geographic regions with homogeneous scattering statistics. Then, minimum-variance spectral estimation is used to arrive at a spectral-domain clutter estimate. Finally, space-time steering vectors are used to transform the spectral-domain estimate into a data-domain estimate of the clutter covariance matrix. The proposed technique is compared with ideal performance and to the fast maximum likelihood technique using simulated results. An investigation of the performance degradation that can occur due to various inaccurate knowledge assumptions is also presented     

Comet Geology with Deep Impact Remote Sensing

The Deep Impact mission will provide the highest resolution images yet of a comet nucleus. Our knowledge of the makeup and structure of cometary nuclei, and the processes shaping their surfaces, is extremely limited, thus use of the Deep Impact data to show the geological context of the cratering experiment is crucial. This article briefly discusses some of the geological issues of cometary nuclei.     

耐高温聚酰亚胺胶黏剂的研究进展

综述了近年来耐高温聚酰亚胺胶黏剂的研究发展状况，对聚酰亚胺胶黏剂尤其是加成型聚酰亚胺胶黏剂的化学合成方法和胶黏剂结构与性能的关系进行了分析与总结，并对耐高温聚酰亚胺胶黏剂的应用和未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

直齿渐开线齿轮齿面磨损模拟计算

在初步研究直齿轮齿面磨损的基础上,对磨损机理做了进一步的分析研究,综合考虑了摩擦系数、载荷、齿面曲率及滑动系数等影响磨损量的主要因素,提出了齿面磨损量的计算公式,并运用齿面离散化方法进行齿廓磨损的数值计算。