树脂/纤维界面对凯夫拉压力容器性能的影响

本文报导了凯夫拉-49纤维缠绕的直径为5.75英寸各种压力容器的环向纤维应力特性,在这些容器制作中,分别采用了不同的环氧树脂系统,一种松粘剂预处理的纤维/环氧系统,一种环向纤维材料上不加树脂的系统以及一种未经预处理的系统。树脂系统以三类常用的环氧树脂为代表:刚性环氧树脂、半柔性环氧树脂、及橡胶增韧的粘性环氧树脂。曾通过压力容器试验温度的变化来导致纤维/基体界面的变化。由于纤维/基体的高度偶联,引起了压力容器中纤维拉伸性能的降低,其值为凯夫拉-49浸胶纱带公称拉伸强度的51-77%。本文并提出了解释这些现象的机理。     

RAM导弹试验计划又将继续

去年几乎被美国国会撤消的多国XIM-116A旋转弹体导弹(RAM)计划,由于最近试验获得成功而又有了转机.RAM导弹计划是美国/欧洲武器发展和生产“双边制”中的一项童要项目,该计划如能得以恢复,将成为美国和欧洲合作与竞争的典范.美国国会明确表示,要尽量避免中断RAM计划.至于RAM导弹的进一步定型,还有待美国防部长和联邦德国国防部长今年6、7月间在RAM导弹生产谅解备忘录上签字后才确定.     

Ozone concentrations and ultraviolet fluxes on Earth-like planets around other stars

Coupled radiative-convective/photochemical modeling was performed for Earth-like planets orbiting different types of stars (the Sun as a G2V, an F2V, and a K2V star). O(2) concentrations between 1 and 10(-5) times the present atmospheric level (PAL) were simulated. The results were used to calculate visible/near-IR and thermal-IR spectra, along with surface UV fluxes and relative dose rates for erythema and DNA damage. For the spectral resolution and sensitivity currently planned for the first generation of terrestrial planet detection and characterization missions, we find that O(2) should be observable remotely in the visible for atmospheres containing at least 10(-2) PAL of O(2). O(3) should be visible in the thermal-IR for atmospheres containing at least 10(-3) PAL of O(2). CH(4) is not expected to be observable in 1 PAL O(2) atmospheres like that of modern Earth, but it might be observable at thermal-IR wavelengths in "mid-Proterozoic-type" atmospheres containing approximately 10(-1) PAL of O(2). Thus, the simultaneous detection of both O(3) and CH(4) - considered to be a reliable indication of life - is within the realm of possibility. High-O(2) planets orbiting K2V and F2V stars are both better protected from surface UV radiation than is modern Earth. For the F2V case the high intrinsic UV luminosity of the star is more than offset by the much thicker ozone layer. At O(2) levels below approximately 10(-2) PAL, planets around all three types of stars are subject to high surface UV fluxes, with the F2V planet exhibiting the most biologically dangerous radiation environment. Thus, while advanced life is theoretically possible on high-O(2) planets around F stars, it is not obvious that it would evolve as it did on Earth.     

GPS与GLONASS的伪码比较

根据苏联目前的 GLASMPST 政策,苏联对其军用卫星导航系统GLONASS 持较为开放的态度,苏联通信部于1988年5月发表文章正式公布了 GLONASS C/A 码的详细技术数据。在1989年9月美国导航学会会议上又发表了一篇有关 GLONASS P 码的文章。该文研究了 GLONASS 伪随机数(PRN)序列码(C/A 码和 P 码)的一些特性,粗略地解释了所选PRN 码的合理性。鉴于 GLONASS 和 GPS 在形式及构成上的相似性,本文在一定程度上对两者的 C/A 码和 P 码进行了比较,对它们各自的 PRN 码作了初步评估。由于民航用 GPS/GLONASS 组合接收机即将变为现实,本文亦讨论了用商用编码器实现 C/A 码和 P 码的有关问题。     

航天发动机用的钛合金壳体

自从60年代初期以来,6Al—4V钛合金就被广泛地用于航天发动机壳体。本文描述了钛合金火箭发动机壳体(其最小极限抗拉强度的设计值达到175,000磅/英寸~2。)从锻件到加工成产品的工艺制造过程。对设计经验和该产品独特的工艺控制过程,如热处理和金相检验,也给予评论。本文对钛合金压力容器的优点,如多次使用、推力向量校准以及附加法兰和部件易于组合等,都作了介绍。     

太空超声波技术

超声技术一直是医疗界广泛运用的一项科技,它为人类在疾病的诊断防治等方面起到了很大作用。这不,它又走向了太空,并且经过在太空中的进一步研究和实践后又重回地面并且发扬光大。太空超声波技术能够让一个有点基础知识的普通人而非专家在远程指导下就能合理应用,所以超声技术有可能出现在地球上任何一个地方,哪怕那里没有应用超声技术的专家。而且,太空超声技术还具备了很大的在未来拓展应用的潜力,相信它会在未来发挥出更重要的作用。     

庞巴迪看好新型涡桨支线机市场

当一些人声称涡桨飞机正在走向灭亡时,庞巴迪公司却在准备新型涡桨支线客机——70座级“冲”8Q-400的首飞.庞巴迪公司对涡桨飞机寄予厚望,虽然公司初入支线客机市场凭借的是5O座的喷气支线客机并第一个推出70座双发喷气支线飞机.在庞巴迪航宇公司下属的德·哈维兰公司70座“冲”8Q-400客机的揭幕仪式上,庞巴迪支线飞机总裁皮埃尔·洛尔蒂强调,虽然庞巴迪公司以其CRJ在支线喷气飞机市场占有领先地位,但     

中国空军的志愿队

空中作战出现有志愿队 ,乃起自西班牙的佛朗哥内战时代 ,当时双方参与作战的飞行员 ,有来自英、美、苏联、德、意、法等国 ,他们参与的动机 ,多少与其本国的政治背景有关。彼此使用不同的机种 ,互相在空中逞强逞勇 ,借机表演一场国际性的空中比武而已 ,反正胜负都是西班牙人自己的事。我国自七七芦沟桥对日抗战之后 ,于翌年春中国空军已成立一志愿队 ,名为十四队 ,直属于航空委员会。当时航委会的主任是钱大钧将军。队部设在汉口公园内 ,队中的飞行员与地勤人员 ,中外国藉皆有 ,队长是美人史密斯( SMITH) ,年近四十 ,机务员是英人司密时 ,…     

Spatially resolved genomic, stable isotopic, and lipid analyses of a modern freshwater microbialite from cuatro ciénegas, Mexico

Abstract Microbialites are biologically mediated carbonate deposits found in diverse environments worldwide. To explore the organisms and processes involved in microbialite formation, this study integrated genomic, lipid, and both organic and inorganic stable isotopic analyses to examine five discrete depth horizons spanning the surface 25?mm of a modern freshwater microbialite from Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico. Distinct bacterial communities and geochemical signatures were observed in each microbialite layer. Photoautotrophic organisms accounted for approximately 65% of the sequences in the surface community and produced biomass with distinctive lipid biomarker and isotopic (δ(13)C) signatures. This photoautotrophic biomass was efficiently degraded in the deeper layers by heterotrophic organisms, primarily sulfate-reducing proteobacteria. Two spatially distinct zones of carbonate precipitation were observed within the microbialite, with the first zone corresponding to the phototroph-dominated portion of the microbialite and the second zone associated with the presence of sulfate-reducing heterotrophs. The coupling of photoautotrophic production, heterotrophic decomposition, and remineralization of organic matter led to the incorporation of a characteristic biogenic signature into the inorganic CaCO(3) matrix. Overall, spatially resolved multidisciplinary analyses of the microbialite enabled correlations to be made between the distribution of specific organisms, precipitation of carbonate, and preservation of unique lipid and isotopic geochemical signatures. These findings are critical for understanding the formation of modern microbialites and have implications for the interpretation of ancient microbialite records. Key Words: Microbial ecology-Microbe-mineral interactions-Microbial mats-Stromatolites-Genomics. Astrobiology 12, 685-698.