Some Properties of Microwave Emission From Flaring Regions

A study is made of the differences in the polarization distribution and other characteristics of microwave emission for several active regionswith high flare productivity. Conclusions are drawn about the magnetic field structure of these regions at coronal heights.      

基于图像的测量方法在工业风洞跨声速流测量中的最新进展

风洞中非定常复杂流场的实验研究要求先进的测量技术.基于图像的测量技术中最重要的是测量平面流速度场、平面压强分布、模型位置和变形、模型温度以及定量的高速流可视化等技术.DLR(德国宇航研究院)对这些技术的应用包括从低速流到跨声速流、从增升装置到螺旋桨和旋翼、从弹射装置和水塔储水罐尾迹流旋涡到三角翼上涡破裂现象等的研究.由于跨声速风洞的特殊环境,将基于图像的测量技术用于跨声速流要求专门的技术开发和有经验的科学家.给出了DLR空气动力学和流动技术研究所将基于图像的测量技术应用于跨声速流研究的最新进展.     

Mid-Latitude Pc1, 2 Pulsations Induced by Magnetospheric Compression in the Maximum and Early Recovery Phase of Geomagnetic Storms

We investigate the properties of interplanetary inhomogeneities generating long-lasting mid-latitude Pc1, 2 geomagnetic pulsations. The data from the Wind and IMP 8 spacecrafts, and from the Mondy and Borok midlatitude magnetic observatories are used in this study. The pulsations under investigation develop in the maximum and early recovery phase of magnetic storms. The pulsations have amplitudes from a few tens to several hundred pT andlast more than seven hours. A close association of the increase (decrease) in solar wind dynamic pressure (Psw) with the onset or enhancement (attenuation or decay) of these pulsations has been established. Contrary to high-latitude phenomena, there is a distinctive feature of the interplanetary inhomogeneities that are responsible for generation of long-lasting mid-latitude Pc1, 2. It is essential that the effect of the quasi-stationary negative Bz-component of the interplanetary magnetic field on the magnetosphere extends over 4 hours. Only then are the Psw pulses able to excite the above-mentioned type of mid-latitude geomagnetic pulsations. Model calculations show that in the cases under study the plasmapause can form in the vicinity of the magnetic observatory. This implies that the existence of an intense ring current resulting from the enhanced magnetospheric convection is necessary for the Pc1, 2 excitation. Further, the existence of the plasmapause above the observation point (as a waveguide) is necessary for long-lasting Pc1 waves to arrive at the ground.      

Chemical mapping of proterozoic organic matter at submicron spatial resolution

A NanoSIMS ion microprobe was used to map the submicron-scale distributions of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, and oxygen in organic microfossils and laminae in a thin section of the approximately 0.85 billion year old Bitter Springs Formation of Australia. The data provide clues about the original chemistry of the microfossils, the silicification process, and the biosignatures of specific microorganisms and microbial communities. Chemical maps of fossil unicells and filaments revealed distinct wall- and sheath-like structures enriched in C, N, and S, consistent with their accepted biological origin. Surprisingly, organic laminae, previously considered to be amorphous, also exhibited filamentous and apparently compressed spheroidal structures defined by strong enrichments in C, N, and S. By analogy to NanoSIMS data from the well-preserved microfossils, these structures were interpreted as being of biological origin, most likely representing densely packed remnants of microbial mats. Given that the preponderance of organic matter in Precambrian sediments is similarly "amorphous," our findings indicate that a re-evaluation of ancient specimens via in situ structural, chemical, and isotopic study is warranted. Our analyses have led us to propose new criteria for assessing the biogenicity of problematic kerogenous materials, and, thus, these criteria can be applied to assessments of poorly preserved or fragmentary organic residues in early Archean sediments and any that might occur in meteorites or other extraterrestrial samples.     

航天简讯

20 0 1年俄航空航天预算严重不足□□ 2 0 0 0年 11月中旬 ,俄罗斯联邦航空航天局局长尤里·科普捷夫在政府大厦开会时称 ,2 0 0 1年俄罗斯的航空航天计划预算资金依然严重不足 ,用于航空航天的资金仅为实现联邦航空航天计划所需资金的5 0 %。科普捷夫说 ,俄罗斯国家杜马在 2 0 0 0年 12月初举行的联邦预算第 3次会上可能会追加一部分航空航天预算 ,但俄航空航天界专家对此不抱太大期望 ,因为国家目前处于困难时期 ,不可能会满足航空航天发展的需求。在这种情况下 ,俄航空航天工业为了保存实力 ,就必须积极寻找和利用外国订单 ,依靠商业化途…     

利用OH夜气辉反演原子氧数密度时输入参数的不确定度对反演结果的影响

借助OH夜气辉辐射的光化学模式,由OH夜气辉辐射反演中间层-低热层区域的原子氧数密度时,输入参数的不确定性将导致反演得到的原子氧数密度具有不确定性.以在sudden death猝灭模式下通过OH(8-3)振动带体辐射率反演原子氧数密度为例,分别研究了大气参数和OH气辉辐射率的不确定度引起的反演不确定度、化学反应速率常数的不确定度引起的反演不确定度,以及所有输入参数的不确定度共同引起的反演不确定度,找出其不确定度对反演结果影响最大的参数.结果表明,三种反演不确定度均随着高度的升高而增大,温度和体辐射率的不确定度对第一种反演不确定度的贡献最大,反应速率常数b(8)和A(8-3)、的不确定度对第二种反演不确定度的贡献最大.     

因特网实时动态GPS"智能桥梁"的设计与实施

介绍了基于因特网的实时动态GPS在大型结构变形监测中应用的原型系统的概念与设计.该系统包括参考基站、监测站、控制中心和用户4部分.文中采用了模拟桥梁变形的仿真平台验证该原型系统.实验结果表明:在10 Hz的采样率下,该系统的数据传输时间延迟可以忽略不计, 并可达到毫米级的三维定位精度.     

三维物体绕流数值模拟中薄层模型的应用

介绍用于近似计算绕三维尖体无粘流激波薄层的二层模型。本法以数值确定激波的位置,在计算不同结构形状物体的空气动力特性时能确定气体动力载荷的近似值。采用这种方法实际上排除了超高速理论中其他已知方法对尖体几何形状所加的约束。与通常的空气动力特性曲线相结合,此法可获得在设计和非设计飞行状态下飞行器整个系统的近似绕流流场,且可优化其空气动力结构。     

边界层对可调节进气道性能的影响

给出了马赫数2~6、单位雷诺数(0.8~6.0)×107/m时下吹式风洞中可调节三维进气道的试验研究结果.研究了前缘前掠和后掠方案以及进气道入口前边界层的影响.测量了内流道内的压力分布、质量流量和总压恢复系数;确定了进气道启动与马赫数和流动工况的关系.研究结果表明:边界层对流场结构和模型进气道的性能有着决定性影响,相对简单的进气道调节方案可以增大其稳定运行范围.     

可见光和红外传感器的飞行实验

可见光和近可见光传感器在研究阶段初期曾被广泛应用,后来,微波传感器的出现使其相形见拙。然而,在近期的大量新一代传感器的飞行实验中,这种传感器大有东山再起之势。本文将简要介绍可见光及红外等第一代传感器及其在机载实验中的使用情况,叙述从机械式到推扫式扫描仪再到非扫描传感器的发展过程。本文所提及的传感器均为法国及欧洲最新的传感器设备。