商用飞机的雷达目标分类

随着相参宽带雷达可资应用性的提高，雷达目标识别又重新引起了人们的兴趣，宽带相参雷达的大带宽可提供高的距离分辨力，这意味着目标鉴别是可以做到的，而其相参性则使横向距离高分辨力和雷达成像成为可能。     

二相流的最大推力喷管

本文针对在流场中含有凝态和固态颗粒的最大喷管设计进行了最佳分析。编制一套设计程序,程序中分析一个假定的喷管形状,确定它是否为最大推力喷管,若不是,就用松弛法修正假定的形状,直到获得最大推力喷管为止。参数的研究说明颗粒尺寸、喷管收敛角、喉部曲率半径、颗粒阻力、热传递系数、颗粒与气体质量流量比以及喷管尺寸的影响。     

The dynamics of blood biochemical parameters in cosmonauts during long-term space flights

Most of the previously obtained data on cosmonauts' metabolic state concerned certain stages of the postflight period. In this connection, all conclusions, as to metabolism peculiarities during the space flight, were to a large extent probabilistic. The purpose of this work was study of metabolism characteristics in cosmonauts directly during long-term space flights. In the capillary blood samples taken from a finger, by "Reflotron IV" biochemical analyzer, "Boehringer Mannheim" GmbH, Germany, adapted to weightlessness environments, the activity of GOT, GPT, CK, gamma-GT, total and pancreatic amylase, as well as concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total, HDL- and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides had been determined. HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio also was computed. The crewmembers of 6 main missions to the "Mir" orbital station, a total of 17 cosmonauts, were examined. Biochemical tests were carried out 30-60 days before launch, and in the flights different stages between the 25-th and the 423-rd days of flights. In cosmonauts during space flight had been found tendency to increase, in compare with basal level, GOT, GPT, total amylase activity, glucose and total cholesterol concentration, and tendency to decrease of CK activity, hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and HDL/LDL - cholesterol ratio. Some definite trends in variations of other determined biochemical parameters had not been found. The same trends of mentioned biochemical parameters alterations observed in majority of tested cosmonauts, allows to suppose existence of connection between noted metabolic alterations with influence of space flight conditions upon cosmonaut's body. Variations of other studied blood biochemical parameters depends on, probably, pure individual causes.     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

Evaluation of bleomycin-induced chromosome aberrations under simulated microgravity conditions in human lymphocytes using "FISH" techniques

In the present investigation we report the effects of simulated microgravity conditions (clinostat) on the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro by (R) Bleomycin. Chromosomal aberrations have been analysed by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and chromosome-specific composite DNA probes (chromosome painting). The results obtained show that, under simulated microgravity conditions, the levels of both symmetrical and asymmetrical (dicentrics, rings), the number of cells bearing "complex" aberrations and hence the total numbers of aberrations were significantly elevated at any of the dose-levels assayed, compared to the parallel treatments performed as 1g control ("ground"). Furthermore, the ratio symmetrical:asymmetrical translocations was markedly elevated under simulated microgravity conditions, compared to the findings usually observed under "normal" 1g conditions. On these bases, we are much inclined to believe that simulated microgravity, rather than limiting the resealing of DNA double strand breaks (DSB's) induced by genotoxic agents is influencing in terms of enhancement the misrejoining of DSB's which is actually responsible for the fixation of the original lesions to DNA into chromosomal aberrations. In addition, the possible different misrepair processes leading to the formation of symmetrical and asymmetrical translocations might be differentially influenced by microgravity being the symmetrical translocations significantly more represented.     

固体推进剂点火研究评述

为了确定最新的固体推进剂点火工艺,对有关点火方面的文献作了广泛的评述,严格地检查了各种点火理论、实验方法和点火准则,并以简明的表格形式进行了总结,便于对各种不同的研究作比较。讨论了各种重要参数对点火过程的影响,指出了技术上的主要不足之处,以及今后的研究方向。     

固体推进剂发动机的热贮存寿命

用概率计算方法计算了经受各种环境温度的固体推进剂火箭发动机的贮存寿命。在力学性能方面测定了粘弹效应、化学老化作用、累积损伤及统计变量。符号说明     

用于地表和亚地表探测的多频极化合成孔径雷达

本文介绍了用于地表和亚地表观测的机载多频极化SAR“IMARC”。改进的SAR系统包括了4个频段（X、L、P和VHF），相应的波长分别为4cm、23cm、68cm和254cm。这种SAR能以不同线性的极化（VV、HH、VH和HV）从飞机的左右两侧进行测量。空间分辨率在X波段为1．5～3m，L波段为4～6m，P波段为6～8m和VHF波段为8～16m。该系统采集并处理雷达数据以获得实时图像。这种SAR系统将用于测定土壤水文表面，调查植被、雪、冰层和冻土的特征，对人造目标和自然目标以及各种自然界异常现象进行定位亚地表探测。     

是筹划卫星战的时候了

美国国家安全空间系统在管理方面实行的改革，应当看成是全面重新评价美国的军事空间政策的机会。自从１９９１年以来，形势已发生了很大的变化。如果我们还把只适用于冷战时期的政策继续延用到大大变化了的２１世纪，那么，将会导致灾难性的后果。制订军事空间政策的中心...     

用四个阻抗标准校准六端口反射计

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