基于J2项摄动的MMS任务编队优化设计

Magnetospheric MultiScale(MMS)任务利用椭圆轨道远地点附近的正四面体航天器编队,协同完成对地球磁层结构和动力学特性的测量和分析.采用基于轨道根数的相对运动模型,分析了主航天器轨道根数对J2项影响下四面体平均性能指标--质量因子均值和平均边长均值的影响规律,并由此提出一种编队轨道优化设计方案,将其应用于第1阶段MMS任务的四面体构形设计中.该方案的设计变量包括主航天器的6个轨道根数和3个从航天器的15个相对轨道根数(除相对半长轴外),目标函数既考虑到四面体编队的平均性能,又兼顾了3个从航天器相对运动的受摄影响.仿真算例显示,在不施加主动控制的条件下,利用该方案设计远地点附近平均性能保持最优的四面体编队是可行的.     

大孔径相机系统透过率测量新方法研究

文中主要对具有大口径、中心遮栏并采用线阵ＣＣＤ做接收器特点的ＪＳ相机光学系统（包括探测器窗口）的透过率进行了测试，用以评定该相机是否能满足系统透过率的要求。若按传统方法测量ＪＳ相机系统透过率则需要与相机口径匹配的大入口、大直径的积分球、大口径平行光管，高功率光源，而且还要考虑中心遮拦，测量用探测器与相机接收器的光谱特性差异以及光源、探测器、积分球之间制约关系等一系列问题。为解决诸问题我们研究制订了     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

关于卫星运动的交点周期

卫星运动的交点周期是近地卫星特别是对地观测卫星轨道的一个重要而基本的参数,国内有些出版物中关于这个参数的表达式是有问题的,在轨道设计中也常常由于采用了不正确的表达式而使结果产生差误。本文简要阐述了这个概念,并给出了它的正确的表达式。     

基于仲裁的高可用服务器故障检测机制的研究

故障检测是设计高可用系统的一项关键技术,本文研究了双模高可用容错服务器的故障检测机制.首先,通过马尔科夫模型对服务器系统进行了分析,指出设计高覆盖率和高成功率的故障检测机制对系统可用性的重要影响.针对传统使用的故障检测机制成功率较低的问题,提出了一种仲裁检测机制,仲裁系统采用容错方案设计,具有较高的可靠性,在双机无法对故障做出正确判断时,可作为可信的第三方对故障做出准确的定位,有效地提高了系统的检测成功率.在此基础上,一种基于仲裁的多层心跳检测机制被应用到了实际系统的设计中,并通过试验证明了其可满足可用性设计要求.     

美、俄航天器与"国际空间站"交会的轨道分析

发射航天器与"国际空间站"进行交会对接是美国和俄罗斯两国常规性的航天活动,在每次这类飞行的全过程中因特网的有关网站都将北美航天防空司令部(NORAD)追踪测量得到的航天器的轨道根数予以公布。据此对2005年7月美国航天飞机与"国际空间站"的交会对接以及2006年3-4月俄罗斯的联盟TMA-8载人飞船与"国际空间站"的交会对接过程的轨道进行了分析。     

短脉冲信号的天线旁瓣响应

讨论了信号在很短的持续时间内，天线旁瓣区域接收的信号波形。可以发现，输出信号的波形与输入信号的波形是完全不同的。给出了分析理论解释并举例说明了这些影响，还证实了分析的有效性。提出了多种用途。