单级运载工具空间运输主发动机

主要研究新的烃助推器和氢上面级发动机,还对非常先进的发动机进行了讨论.如果研制时间允许,这种先进发动机将不以传统原理来设计.对几种先进的单级入轨运载工具发动机作了比较,并给出分析结果.结果表明,采用这些先进的发动机,火箭净质量可减少约20%.研制某些先进发动机也许并不需要很长的时间.     

降阶脉冲发动机的点火控制逻辑

本文研究脉冲发动机在战术导弹,特别是空空导弹上的应用.因为其飞行任务要求对能量消耗作仔细地监控.一般的中程空空导弹使用助推-主发动机作为动力.除了接近交会之外,发射时导弹雷达导引头并不知道目标.一般的中程空空导弹使用比例导航或者在终段制导使用改进的比例导航,同时为了使导弹在较高的高度飞行以减小阻力,在中段附加了预编程的     

火箭发动机安全发火装置的安全问题

本文介绍了一种新型火箭发动机安全发火装置安全问题的初步研究结果。这是一种控制指令“在线”安全发火装置,起飞前通过某些机电对接来接通作用元件的线路。从安全发火装置的构件分析和试验评估证明,偶然施加的单相或多相信号导致点火电容器的危险充电的可能性是极低的。     

Adaptational changes in the neural control of cardiorespiratory function in a confined environment: the CNEC#3 experiment

The goal of the study was to characterize the changes in neurovegetative control of the circulation, attending the presumed physiological and psychological stress originated by the isolation and confinement typical of the living condition of space stations, as simulated in a ground based unit, using time and frequency domain analysis. As a secondary goal we sought to verify the implementation of real time data acquisition, for off line spectral analisys of R-R interval, systolic arterial pressure (by Finapres) and respiration (by PVF2 piezoelectric sensors).

We addressed the cardiorespiratory and neurovegetative responses to standardized, simple Stressors (active standing, dynamic and static handgrip) on the EXEMSI 92 crew, before, during and after the isolation period.

On average the appropriate excitatory responses (to stand, dynamic and static handgrip) were elicited also in isolation and confinement.

Active standing and small masses muscular exercises are easy to be performed in a confined and isolated environment and provide a valuable tool for investigating the adaptational changes in neural control mechanisms.

The possibility there exists of using this time and frequency domain approach to monitor the level of performance and well being of the space crew in (quasi) real time.     

Psychological countermeasures for extended manned spaceflights

The authors examine psychological issues and countermeasures in extended space flight. Individual-oriented pre-flight countermeasures include basic psychological selection and training of astronaut candidates. Crew-oriented pre-flight countermeasures include crew composition based on psychological compatibility and psychological mission preparation. Psychological inflight support measures include those that address the emotional state and well-being of astronauts, performance efficiency, and prevention of task overload. Suggestions for an integrated approach to psychological countermeasures for extended flights are presented. Case reports examine psychological selection and training of German astronauts in preparation for the STS-55 mission.     

Effect on the cardiac function of repeated LBNP during a 1-month head down tilt

Cardiovascular assessment by ultrasound methods was performed during two long duration (1 month) Head Down Tilt (HDT) on 6 healthy volunteers. On a first 1 month HDT session, 3 of the 6 subjects (A, B, C) had daily several lower body negative pressure tests (LBNP), whereas the 3 subjects remaining (D, E, F) rested without LBNP. On a second 1 month HDT session subjects D, E, and F had daily LBNP tests and the A, B and C subjects did not. The cardiac function was assessed by Echocardiography, (B mode, TM mode). On all the "6 non LBNP" subjects the left ventricule diastolic volume (LVDV), the stroke volume (SV) and the cardiac output (CO) increase (+10%, -15%) after HDT then decrease and remain inferior (-5%, -5%) or equal to the basal value during the HDT. Immediately after the end of the HDT the heart rate (HR) increase (+10%, +30%) whereas the cardiac parameters decrease weakly (-5%, -10%) and normalize after 3 days of recovery. On the "6 LBNP" subjects the LVDV, SV and CO increase (+10%, 15%) after 1 h HDT as in the previous group then decrease but remain superior (+5%, +15%) or equal to the basal value. After the HDT session, the HR is markedly increased (+20%, +40%) the LVDV and SV decrease (-15%, -20%) whereas the CO increases or decreases depending on the amplitude of the HR variations. These parameters do not completely normalize after 3 day's recovery. Repeated LBNP sessions have a significant effect on the cardiovascular function as it maintains all cardiac parameters above the basal value. The LBNP manoeuvre can be considered as an efficient countermeasure to prevent cardiac disadaptation induced by HDT position and probably microgravity.     

A search for narrow band signals with SERENDIP II: a progress report

Commensal programs for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), carried out concurrently with conventional radio astronomical observing programs, can be an attractive and cost-effective means of exploring the large multidimensional search space intrinsic to this effort. Our automated commensal system, SERENDIP II, is a high resolution 131,072 channel spectrometer. It searches for 0.49 Hz signals in sequential 64,700 Hz bands of the IF signal from a radio telescope being used for an astronomical observation. Upon detection of a narrow band signal with power above a preset threshold, the frequency, power, time, and telescope direction are recorded for later study. The system has been tested at the Hat Creek Radio Astronomy Observatory 85 ft telescope and the NASA-JPL Deep Space Station (DSS 14) 64 m telescope. It is currently collecting data at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory 300 ft telescope.     

简易碳/碳喷管介绍

本文介绍了法国欧洲动力公司和美国联合工艺公司化学系统分公司各自进行研制的一个共同项目中,一种航天发动机简易碳/碳喷管实例。这个项目以1977年6月13日进行喷管。的高空模拟试验而告结束。这个喷管是迄今已试验过的嗽径为48.6毫米(1.912英寸),膨胀比超过99:1类型中最简单、重量最轻的喷管。从喷管的最前端到出口面,气流流经的路径仅仅是由两个碳/碳部件[一个四维(4D)增强的整体喉衬和一个二维(2D)增强的出口锥]组成。这两个部件的总重只有4.4公斤。