Spherule beds 3.47-3.24 billion years old in the Barberton Greenstone Belt,South Africa: a record of large meteorite impacts and their influence on early crustal and biological evolution

Four layers, S1-S4, containing sand-sized spherical particles formed as a result of large meteorite impacts, occur in 3.47-3.24 Ga rocks of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa. Ir levels in S3 and S4 locally equal or exceed chondritic values but in other sections are at or only slightly above background. Most spherules are inferred to have formed by condensation of impact-produced rock vapor clouds, although some may represent ballistically ejected liquid droplets. Extreme Ir abundances and heterogeneity may reflect element fractionation during spherule formation, hydraulic fractionation during deposition, and/or diagenetic and metasomatic processes. Deposition of S1, S2, and S3 was widely influenced by waves and/or currents interpreted to represent impact-generated tsunamis, and S1 and S2 show multiple graded layers indicating the passage of two or more wave trains. These tsunamis may have promoted mixing within a globally stratified ocean, enriching surface waters in nutrients for biological communities. S2 and S3 mark the transition from the 300-million-year-long Onverwacht stage of predominantly basaltic and komatiitic volcanism to the late orogenic stage of greenstone belt evolution, suggesting that regional and possibly global tectonic reorganization resulted from these large impacts. These beds provide the oldest known direct record of terrestrial impacts and an opportunity to explore their influence on early life, crust, ocean, and atmosphere. The apparent presence of impact clusters at 3.26-3.24 Ga and approximately 2.65-2.5 Ga suggests either spikes in impact rates during the Archean or that the entire Archean was characterized by terrestrial impact rates above those currently estimated from the lunar cratering record.     

对RLC串联电路中通频带与RLC参数关系的讨论——从一道习题引起的问题

讨论了RLC串联电路中通频带与RLC参数的关系,说明在设计一个RLC串联谐振电路时,在给定谐振频率,电感量和频带宽度时,上下边界频率不能只满足通频带宽度而任意假定,还应满足通频带与RLC这些参数之间关系的表达式.     

在强地磁活动期间热层大气成份和密度的变化

选用了１９７４－０７－０６,１９８２－０３－０２和１９８２－０９－０６三次强地磁活动时的Ａｐ值,由ＡＥ－Ｃ和ＤＥ－Ｂ卫星所测得的热层成份数据,进行统计分析,结果表明;在强地磁活动期间,热层大气密度涨落变化十分清晰、涨幅随高度增高而增大,高度６００ｋｍ附近涨幅可直达４倍,热层大气成份中Ｎ２的数密度涨幅最大,而原子氧的丰度在强地磁活动期间明显地下降。     

美国战略导弹先进弹头试验情况

双锥弹头在阿诺德工程研制中心的超音速风洞中完成了52个再入弹头鼻锥模型的模拟试验,试验条件是:马赫数10,模拟高度134,000英尺,攻角从-16°～ 16°。试验目的是建立数据库,以支持研制双锥弹头的初步计划,并确定出前锥和后锥连接部位的最佳锥角,以寻求最有利的气动外形。 ABRV弹头在ABRES计划中,安排了4次战略导弹先进弹头的飞行试验,以鉴定弹头所采用的新技术,第二次试验已于去     

ENRZ码特性综述

本文对用于磁带记录的增强不归零码(ENRZ)的特性作了概述。给出了码的主要别性的定义,并在必要之处与竞争的记录码型作了比较。对如何获得最大的记录密度又不滥用磁带记录通道的有限的带宽这一问题作了相当深入的研究。提出了几种目前实地使用着的多磁道消扭格式标准结系,通过率可以达到20MBPS。描述了为把低尖磁带的误码率降到10~(-10)而采取的检错与纠错技术。     

对碳纤维危害的新评价

碳复合材料由于其独特的优良性能,在宇航事业、民用航空、汽车制造等部门获得日益广泛的应用。但是碳纤维的危害曾使美国航宇局担心。它的危害主要来自导电性,因为从复合材料释放出来的碳纤维(直径8mm,长度12mm,密度仅1.5～1.9gm/cm~3)能飘     

百分比电桥及其在电位器式传感器特性测试中的应用

电位器及电位器式传感器现在仍广泛地使用着。百分比电桥是测试它们静特性的一种常用手段。本文首先简要论述这种电桥的一般工作原理及其在电位器式传感器特性测试中的应用。为了解决百分比电桥使用中现存的需要反复调零的困难,本文提出一种新的电桥方案,即中点调零式电桥。为有利于电位器式传感器性能测试和标定的实际工作,本文讨论了百分比电桥扩大使用范围的途径。最后,还从实际工作出发提出了几种自制百分比电桥的方案,可供参考选用。     

Morphology: an ambiguous indicator of biogenicity

This paper deals with the difficulty of decoding the origins of natural structures through the study of their morphological features. We focus on the case of primitive life detection, where it is clear that the principles of comparative anatomy cannot be applied. A range of inorganic processes are described that result in morphologies emulating biological shapes, with particular emphasis on geochemically plausible processes. In particular, the formation of inorganic biomorphs in alkaline silica-rich environments are described in detail.     

现代表面分析——俄歇电子谱(AES)和x-射线光电子谱(XPS)在冶金学中的应用 第三讲 自由表面的AES和XPS分析在冶金学上的应用

Ⅰ、序言 表面的化学组成对材料的性能起着重要作用。诸如硬度、摩擦、疲劳、润滑和磨损特性、吸附、表面活性、催化作用、表面扩散、晶体生长、二次电子及热电子发射特性等只是可列举出的一些受表面化学变化影响的特性或现象。在最近十年,随着表面分     

固体推进剂点火研究评论

为了确定固体推进剂点火的现有技术水平,本文对该领域的有关文献作了广泛评论,对各种点火理论、实验测量和点火准则作了详细评定研究。为易于进行比较,本文用易懂的表格形式概括了各项研究工作的情况,也讨论了各种重要参数对点火过程的影响。指出了主要技术难点,同时提出了进一步研究的建议。