Comparison of Diurnal,Seasonal and Solar Cycle Variations of High-latitude,Mid-latitude and Low-latitude Ionosphere

Comparison of regular (diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle) variations of high-latitude,mid-latitude and low-latitude ionospheric characteristics has been provided on basis of local empirical models of the peak electron density and the peak height. The local empirical models were derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 digisondes located at Norilsk (69°N, 88°E), Irkutsk (52°N, 104°E) and Hainan (19°N, 109°E) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The technique used to build the local empirical model is described. The primary focus is diurnal-seasonal behavior under low solar activity and its change with increasing solar activity. Both common and specific features of the high-latitude (Norilsk), mid-latitude (Irkutsk) and low-latitude (Hainan) regular variations were revealed using their local empirical models.      

新一代运载火箭共底贮箱隔热性能试验及环境预示

对新研制的新一代运载火箭液氧/煤油共底贮箱进行隔热性能试验研究。结果表明,在常温外界条件下,设计的共底结构形式能有效降低燃料和氧化剂的相互影响,满足运载火箭发射的需求。根据常温试验结果,对共底结构数值分析模型进行了修正,修正后的数值分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,误差小于10%。用修正的数值分析模型对共底贮箱在低温外界环境(-20℃)条件下煤油温度变化进行预示分析,结果发现煤油最低温度维持在-30℃以上。该预示分析结果可作为确定共底贮箱结构形式的重要判据,并为共底贮箱低温环境验证试验提供参考。     

小天地大社会--评简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》

简·奥斯汀独特的生活经历决定了她狭小的文学创作题材,但她敏锐的观察与奇特的敏感却使读者从她的作品中觉察到当时广阔的社会现实.     

水下航行体空泡发展及出水溃灭特性实验研究

针对水下航行体出水过程中的空泡发展及溃灭特性问题,基于新型实验平台,即减压水下航行体运动平台,进行了垂直约束式发射实验,探究了傅汝德数和空化数对空泡发展和溃灭过程的影响。对空泡出水溃灭过程进行描述,并定义了空泡溃灭数Fc,用以衡量空泡溃灭速度。结果表明,傅汝德数主要影响空泡形状,空化数主要影响空泡的尺寸。此外,水下航行体出水时空泡溃灭向下推进速度与傅汝德数呈负相关关系,与空化数呈正相关关系。     

Training astronauts using three-dimensional visualisations of the International Space Station

Recent advances in personal computer technology have led to the development of relatively low-cost software to generate high-resolution three-dimensional images. The capability both to rotate and zoom in on these images superposed on appropriate background images enables high-quality movies to be created. These developments have been used to produce realistic simulations of the International Space Station on CD-ROM. This product is described and its potentialities demonstrated. With successive launches, the ISS is gradually built up, and visualised over a rotating Earth against the star background. It is anticipated that this product's capability will be useful when training astronauts to carry out EVAs around the ISS. Simulations inside the ISS are also very realistic. These should prove invaluable when familiarising the ISS crew with their future workplace and home. Operating procedures can be taught and perfected. "What if" scenario models can be explored and this facility should be useful when training the crew to deal with emergency situations which might arise. This CD-ROM product will also be used to make the general public more aware of, and hence enthusiastic about, the International Space Station programme.     

The effects of low-shear mechanical stress on Yersinia pestis virulence

Manned space exploration has created a need to evaluate the effects of spacelike stress on pathogenic and opportunistic microbes astronauts could carry with them to the International Space Station and beyond. Yersinia pestis (YP) causes bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague and is capable of killing infected patients within 3-7 days. In this study, low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG), a spacelike stress, was used to physically stress YP; and its effects on proliferation, cold growth, and type III secretion system (T3SS) function were evaluated. YP was grown to saturation in either LSMMG or normal gravity (NG) conditions prior to being used for RAW 246.7 cell infections, HeLa cell infections, and Yop secretion assays. A mutant strain of YP (ΔyopB) that lacks the ability to inject Yersinia outer membrane proteins (Yops) into the host cell was used as a negative control in cell infection experiments. Our experimental results indicate that YP cultivated under LSMMG resulted in reduced YopM production and secretion compared to its NG-grown counterpart. Similarly, NG-grown YP induced more cell rounding in HeLa cells than did the LSMMG-grown YP, which suggests that LSMMG somehow impairs T3SS optimum function. Also, LSMMG-grown YP used to infect cultured RAW 246.7 cells showed a similar pattern of dysfunction in that it proliferated less than did its NG-grown counterpart during an 8-hour infection period. This study suggests that LSMMG can attenuate bacterial virulence contrary to previously published data that have demonstrated LSMMG-induced hypervirulence of other Gram-negative enterics.     

高可靠小条件数压缩感知叶尖定时信号辨识

为增强基于任意角度压缩感知(CS)叶尖定时信号(BTT)重构的稳定性,采用小生境微种群遗传算法提出了基于小条件数的高稳定性传感器安装布置方法。研究发现:任意角度CS的恢复矩阵条件数越小,不同信噪比下同步和非同步振动信号重构误差越趋于稳定在较低范围,优化后发现条件数为1的排布方案下,相邻传感器角度间隔趋向于均布2m取K的形式。利用条件数为1的矩阵冗余特性,设计了高可靠性的传感器排布方案,数值试验和有限元仿真验证表明叶尖定时系统在失效一个传感器的情况下仍可稳定得到准确的重构结果。在信噪比为5 dB时,冗余排布相比参考排布的主倍频幅值重构误差降低4.4%以上,验证了采用最小条件数排布的任意角度CS信号辨识方法在噪声及传感器失效情况下仍可保证BTT测量结果的有效性和可靠性。      

高可靠电机系统主动变结构与容错控制技术

为了更好地、更高性能地适应航天器多极端工况对伺服系统输出特性的需求变化以及高可靠应用需求,提出了一种新型高可靠电机系统,其主要包括变结构控制器、可变结构驱动拓扑和变结构容错电机。根据系统所需,通过在线变换驱动器与电机绕组的连接方式,重构电机系统结构和参数,进而改变电机系统的输出性能,最终实现每个工况下均能达到航天任务所需性能最优的目的;在驱动器或者电机绕组发生故障时,亦可通过电机系统结构变换,将故障进行隔离并进行容错控制,让剩余的正常部分还能输出所需的扭矩,实现电机系统的带故障运行,保证系统具有故障-工作的高可靠性能力。     

一种预测驾驶员操纵行为的建模方法

在飞机设计中,应用驾驶员数学模型预测飞机飞行品质是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一.驾驶员神经网络模型是利用飞行模拟实验数据建立的驾驶员模型.基于该模型,针对纵向单通道俯仰跟踪任务,详细讨论了具有不同增益、不同短周期振荡频率飞机构型的驾驶员操纵行为变化规律.研究结果表明:对于特性相似的飞机构型,其驾驶员操纵特性也相似.因此,提出了一种利用相似构型的驾驶员操纵行为特性建立驾驶员预测模型的方法.通过对预测模型进行精度评价,可以证明采用本方法能够获得比较满意的驾驶员操纵行为特性预测结果.     

基于序优化理论的晕轨道转移轨道设计

利用晕轨道的稳定流形可以设计从地球到晕轨道的转移轨道。但由于小幅度晕轨道的稳 定流形与地球停泊轨道无法相交,因此需采用两脉冲转移。微分修正法是求解两脉冲转移常 用的优化方法,虽然收敛速度快,但很难获取全局最优解,而且收敛半径小,如果初始猜想 与最优解相差很远,该方法可能会不收敛。将序优化理论与微分修正法相结合,利用序优化 思想缩小搜索空间,得到足够好的初始猜想,然后利用微分修正法快速收敛到满足终端精度 要求的解。仿真结果表明该方法有很好的收敛性,且计算量小。