敏捷制造模式下的质量保证信息系统

客户驱动的动态的全球市场及地理上分布的合作伙伴给开发敏捷制造模式下的质量保证信息系统(QAIS)带来了新的挑战,本文先对敏捷制造模式下的QAIS进行了需求分析,提出了新的分布式QAIS的实现框架,利用当前迅速发展的信息技术,建立了QAIS的开发环境并对有关关键技术进行了初步研究,最后开发完成了一个基于Web的QAIS原型系统.     

不同迎角下脊形前体绕流数值模拟研究

脊形前体有较强的背风涡流场,不同的前体形状对前体涡流场和气动力有很大的影响.本文针对脊形前体飞行器大迎角湍流大分离流动计算的困难,采用IDDES混合湍流模型,以及与之匹配的非定常算法,研究了不同来流迎角下脊形前体的气动特性,以及背风涡非定常演化、破裂的细致流动结构.选取了不同脊形角,以及不同上、下高宽比的脊形前体进行计...     

Why Raman spectroscopy on Mars?--a case of the right tool for the right job

We provide a scientific rationale for the astrobiological investigation of Mars. We suggest that, given practical constraints, the most promising locations for the search for former life on Mars are palaeolake craters and the evaporite deposits that may reside within them. We suggest that Raman spectroscopy offers a promising tool for the detection of evidence of former (or extant) biota on Mars. In particular, we highlight the detection of hopanoids as long-lived bacterial cell wall products and photosynthetic pigments as the most promising targets. We further suggest that Raman spectroscopy as a fibre optic-based instrument lends itself to flexible planetary deployment.     

Influence of ionic inorganic solutes on self-assembly and polymerization processes related to early forms of life: implications for a prebiotic aqueous medium

A commonly accepted view is that life began in a marine environment, which would imply the presence of inorganic ions such as Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+. We have investigated two processes relevant to the origin of life--membrane self-assembly and RNA polymerization--and established that both are adversely affected by ionic solute concentrations much lower than those of contemporary oceans. In particular, monocarboxylic acid vesicles, which are plausible models of primitive membrane systems, are completely disrupted by low concentrations of divalent cations, such as magnesium and calcium, and by high sodium chloride concentrations as well. Similarly, a nonenzymatic, nontemplated polymerization of activated RNA monomers in ice/eutectic phases (in a solution of low initial ionic strength) yields oligomers with > 80% of the original monomers incorporated, but polymerization in initially higher ionic strength aqueous solutions is markedly inhibited. These observations suggest that cellular life may not have begun in a marine environment because the abundance of ionic inorganic solutes would have significantly inhibited the chemical and physical processes that lead to self-assembly of more complex molecular systems.     

Eye light flashes on the Mir space station

The phenomenon of light flashes (LF) in eyes for people in space has been investigated onboard Mir. Data on particles hitting the eye have been collected with the SilEye detectors, and correlated with human observations. It is found that a nucleus in the radiation environment of Mir has roughly a 1% probability to cause an LF, whereas the proton probability is almost three orders of magnitude less. As a function of LET, the LF probability increases above 10 keV/micrometer, reaching about 5% at around 50 keV/micrometer.     

MEDES clinical research facility as a tool to prepare ISSA space flights

This new multi-disciplinary medical experimentation center provides the ideal scientific, medical and technical environment required for research programs and to prepare international space station Alpha (ISSA) missions, where space and healthcare industries can share their expertise. Different models are available to simulate space flight effects (bed-rest, confinement,...). This is of particular interest for research in Human psychology, physiology, physiopathology and ergonomics, validation of biomedical materials and procedures, testing of drugs, and other healthcare related products. This clinical research facility (CRF) provides valuable services in various fields of Human research requiring healthy volunteers. CRF is widely accessible to national and international, scientific, medical and industrial organisations. Furthermore, users have at their disposal the multi-disciplinary skills of MEDES staff and all MEDES partners on a single site.     

The Kinelite Project: a new powerful motion analyser for Spacelab and space station

The goal of the Kinelite Project is to develop a space qualified motion analysis system to be used in space by the scientific community, mainly to support neuroscience protocols. The measurement principle of the Kinelite is to determine, by triangulation mean, the 3D position of small, lightweight, reflective markers positioned at the different points of interest. The scene is illuminated by Infra Red flashes and the reflected light is acquired by up to 8 precalibrated and synchronized CCD cameras. The main characteristics of the system are: Camera field of view: 45 degrees; Number of cameras: 2 to 8; Acquisition frequency: 25, 50, 100, or 200 Hz; CCD format: 256 x 256; Number of markers: up to 64; 3D accuracy: 2mm; Main dimensions: 45 cm x 45 cm x 30 cm; Mass: 23 kg; Power consumption: less than 200 W. The Kinelite will first fly aboard the NASA Spacelab; it will be used, during the NEUROLAB mission (4/98), to support the "Frames of References and Internal Models" (Principal Investigator: Pr. A. Berthoz, Co Investigators: J. McIntyre, F. Lacquaniti).     

中美航空业的互利合作

目前 ,中国有 30多家航空公司 ,中国国际航空公司是中国最大的航空公司 ,其年运量占全国民航的三分之一。自 80年代以来 ,我国航空客、货运周转量年增长率常达到 1 0 %以上 ,有的年份还高于 2 0 % ,迅速发展的中国航空运输业给外国航空工业制造厂家、航空公司在华拓展业务带来了诱人的市场机遇。中国进口美国飞机由来已久 ,早在 30年代东北军将领张学良的坐机即为波音飞机。 1 973年 ,中国购买 1 0架波音 70 7,这是解放后首次购买美国飞机。七十年代末中国改革开放后 ,美国大型飞机制造公司对华技术、设备、整机出口不断扩大 ,中国国际航空…     

从文献出发来存疑“苦心劝说”

读了《航空史研究》(57)的《再论孙中山曾向冯如“苦心劝说”》(以下简称《曾向》)一文,作为《孙中山并无向冯如“苦心劝说”》(以下简称《并无》)的作者的我实在深受鞭策:要认真注意不能“对历史文献疏于查阅”.《曾向》的作者,已在《冯如研究》的《“文献十一”考析》中,对《冯如小传》文献原文“孙中山先生到场参观赞赏不已加以勉励每向演说且冯君苦心于救国为问题”,以“当系排版、植字混乱和有脱、衍文及错字”为由,经加标点符号并“按文意推测”而改为“孙中山先生到场参观,赞赏不已,加以勉励.还以救国为问题,向冯如苦心劝说.”不幸的是,《曾向》的作者把这“推测”改成的文段变成准确无误、不准存疑的文段,并以之为原文献的原文来不厌其烦地告诉读者“两篇原始历史文献均有孙中山向冯如‘苦心劝说’的记载”.     

人类飞行壮举的回顾与展望

1.引子2 0 0 0年 1月 1日 ,《广州日报》发行了 2 0 0 0版的“新千年纪念特刊”,在 1 90 0～ 1 999科技专版上有一条十分醒目的套红标题 :八大科技成就改变人类生活这 8大科技成就如下 :●飞上蓝天●登上太空●破译基因●电脑问世●电视诞生●互联网络●发现核裂变●克隆风暴在人类发展史上 ,就其活动范围的拓展而言 ,现已进入第 4个里程碑——陆地→海洋→大气层 (航空器活动范畴 )→太空 (航天器活动范畴 )。尽管人类对其自身的起源与演化过程至今仍众说纷纭 ,在漫长的历史长河中 ,2 0世纪也只不过是转眼即逝的一瞬 ,但它的确是人类进入第…