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601.
用于海洋成像仪的离轴三反主光学系统设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋成像仪光学系统要求在宽视场内具有高空间分辨率。该成像仪处于35800km高的静止轨道,在2.46°视场内地面分辨率需要达到250m,光谱覆盖范围为0.4~11.5μm,包括可见光近红外12个通道和远红外两个通道。介绍了满足这些要求的离轴三反射镜主光学系统的设计及结果,像质达到了衍射极限。 相似文献
602.
Gabrion J Herbute S Oliver J Maurel D Davet J Clavel B Gharib C Fareh J Fagette S Nguyen B 《Acta Astronautica》1995,36(8-12):439-448
Fluid and electrolyte shifts occuring during human spaceflight have been reported and investigated at the level of blood, cardio-vascular and renal responses. Very few data were available concerning the cerebral fluid and electrolyte adaptation to microgravity, even in animal models. It is the reason why we developed several studies focused on the effects of spaceflight (SLS-1 and SLS-2 programs, carried on NASA STS 40 and 56 missions, which were 9- and 14-day flights, respectively), on structural and functional features of choroid plexuses, organs which secrete 70–90 % of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and which are involved in brain homeostasis. Rats flown aboard space shuttles were sacrificed either in space (SLS-2 experiment, on flight day 13) or 4–8 hours after landing (SLS-1 and SLS-2 experiments). Quantitative autoradiography performed by microdensitometry and image analysis, showed that lateral and third ventricle choroid plexuses from rats flown for SLS-1 experiment demonstrated an increased number (about x 2) of binding sites to natriuretic peptides (which are known to be involved in mechanisms regulating CSF production). Using electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, we studied the cellular response of choroid plexuses, which produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in brain lateral, third and fourth ventricles. We demonstrated that spaceflight (SLS-2 experiment, inflight samples) induces changes in the choroidal cell structure (apical microvilli, kinocilia organization, vesicle accumulation) and protein distribution or expression (carbonic anhydrase II, water channels,…). These observations suggested a loss of choroidal cell polarity and a decrease in CSF secretion. Hindlimb-suspended rats displayed similar choroidal changes. All together, these results support the hypothesis of a modified CSF production in rats during long-term (9, 13 or 14 days) adaptations to microgravity. 相似文献
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少烟幼畜(Maverich)固体火箭发动机的结构使用寿命估计是以解剖发动机的推进剂性能数据为基础进行的。为了在两年的时间里模拟五年的使用寿命,这些发动机经历了实验室加速化学和力学老化。用经验老化模型来推测发动机推进剂的性能和药柱横截面上的性能梯度,建立了有限元计算机模型来计算这些性能梯度,并确定发动机安全裕度与时间的函数关系。根据分析,预计这种发动机的使用寿命在10年之上。 相似文献
609.
本文介绍了星30C、30E和37FM三种火箭发动机的设计结构,给出了各种分析结果,并报导了鉴定试验的累积数据。 相似文献
610.
It has been suggested that a daily intake of fluid and salt supplements may be used to prevent bone demineralization in human subjects after prolonged exposure to hypokinesia (diminished muscular activity). Thus, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of fluid and salt supplementation in the prevention of development of osteoporosis in 64 Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 339-345 g, after exposure to 90 days of hypokinesia. They divided into 4 equal groups: the first group of rats placed under ordinary vivarium conditions and served as vivarium control; the second group were also placed under ordinary vivarium conditions but received daily fluid and salt supplements; the third group were subjected to pure hypokinesia, i.e. without the use of any preventive measures; and the fourth group were submitted to hypokinesia and received daily fluid and salt supplements. For the simulation of the hypokinetic effect the experimental group of rats were kept in small, individual, wooden cages. Through the experimental period the second and fourth group of rats received 8 ml/100 g body wt water and 5 ml 100 g body wt NaCl daily. By the end of the experimental period the animals were decapitated and the spongy matter of tibia and vertebrae of the rats were examined for changes referable to osteoporosis. It was found that the daily intake of fluid and salt supplements caused an increase in the volume density of primary spongiosa of bones. It was concluded that a daily intake of fluid and salt supplements may be used to prevent the development of osteoporosis in rats subjected to prolonged motor activity restriction. 相似文献