指数分布阶段可靠性增长模型的Bayes融合

对满足顺序约束条件的指数分布阶段可靠性增长模型，本文利用共轭型先验分布与由工程专家经验给出的延缓纠正有效性系数，给出了Bayes融合方法，讨论了Baves融合结果的工程物理意义，最后用数值例说明了这些方法。在某型导弹的发动机的可靠性评估中应用了该方法，验证了方法的有效性。     

端羧基聚丁二烯推进剂的老化特性(第一部分:老化与交联特性)

本文研究了固化剂和防老剂对 CTPB 推进剂加速老化的影响。如果使用的固化剂在羧基当量以上,那么推进剂中过量的固化剂就起着填料的键合剂的作用,但其反应速度远远慢于粘合剂的固化速度。苯二胺类化合物(CTPB 粘合剂的稳定剂)不仅降低交联速度,而且也降低交联密度。推进剂中的少量水分,按一级反应使填料与粘合剂间的交联断裂,进而使聚合物解聚。CTPB 推进剂的交联密度约为1×10~(-3)克分子/(厘米)~3,比粘合剂的交联密度高一个数量级。     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

气象卫星云图的几何校正

气象卫星云图的几何失真较大,为了进行精确的几何校正,本文提出了经纬线网格校正方法。该方法分两步:第一步是根据气象卫星轨道参数对云图在大尺度范围内进行几何校正,即在云图上加上经纬线网格;第二步是在感兴趣的局部区域内根据经纬线网格进行精确的几何校正。实验证明,这种几何校正方法可以获得较高的精度。     

捷联导引头制导系统导引律及自适应滤波方案设计

本文推导了捷联导引头制导系统五维动态方程和二维测量方程。在设计导引律时，采用了“瞬态导引法”。同时，提出了有限记忆自适应卡尔曼滤波的算法，并将该算法用于制导系统的滤波方案设计。通过蒙特卡罗实验，验证了本文所提出的制导方案是可行的     

雷达的韧性、适应性和容量,以及反馈控制的重要性

雷达的作用是向其他系统提供信息,这是不会改变的.现在雷达采用了各种技术,这使雷达比以往任何时候都更经常地采用反馈控制方法来获得韧性、适应性和容量.使雷达对已取得的数据起反应,使反馈控制技术的全部效益发挥出来,只有这样才能设计出更为有价值的雷达来.     

固体火箭发动机三维药柱燃面的数值计算

本文用“标准形体组合法”计算三维药柱燃面,并对计算中出现的燃面上、下波动问题提出了解决办法,实例计算与解析法求得的结果十分吻合,证明该方法是可行的。     

航天飞机纤维缠绕壳体的抗压强度研究:第一部分—试验

航天飞机起飞的瞬间,其主发动机的点火给予固体火箭助推发动机的纤维缠绕壳体一个很大的弯矩,使复合材料壳体的尾部受到了很大的压缩载荷。由于连接的需要,复合壳体尾部具有很复杂的设计,涉及到嵌入的布带和螺旋层减薄问题。为了研究发射瞬间加载状态下的纤维缠绕壳体性能,开始了试验和分析的综合研究。本文将叙述试验计划的研究结果,包括几台全尺寸和300多台缩比壳体的试验。该计划从短期研制工作开始,其目的是要确定适合的缩比试验样品,以便测定材料的抗压强度。一旦缩比样品确定之后,就开始实施更全面的试验计划来确定缠绕壳体的工艺和设计参数变化对强度的影响。为了验证分析预测的有效性,在模拟发射瞬间的弯曲状态中进行了全尺寸壳体试验。在所有的试验中特别注意观察壳体破坏的顺序,即载荷从螺旋层薄弱部位传递到坚固布带终止部位的复杂过程。     

高燃速固体推进剂用的新型预聚物

二茂铁、烷基二茂铁及其他一些二茂铁衍生物已被广泛用作复合固体推进剂的燃速催化剂,但是在贮存时这些化合物会有从推进剂内向外迁移的缺点,因而使火箭发动机的弹道性能严重恶化.本文作者合成出一些含有二茂铁基团的新功能预聚物,它们是用有机硅二茂铁衍生物Fc-R-SiH(CH_3)_2(其中R为烷基或苯基)与低分子量端羟基聚了二烯(含20%1、2加成和80%1、4不饱和度)通过氢硅化反应而接技上去的,这些新型预聚物命名为BUTACENES.这些预聚物同固体推进剂中通常用作燃速催化剂的其他一些二茂铁衍生物相比,对提高燃速来说,至少具有同样的效果.工作开始阶段,对相当于丁羟预聚物中C-C双键(1、2顺 1、4和反 1、4结构)的模型化合物与作为二茂铁硅烷的二甲基苯代硅烷进行大量的反应试验,这些反应用氯铂酸六水合物(H_2PtCl_6·6H_2O)的异丙醇溶液进行催化,通过对这些化合物的氢硅化反应动力学研究,证明了1、2双键的活性远远大于1、4双键.这个结论对二甲基苯代硅烷与端羟基聚丁二烯的加成反应来说,也是适用的.而这种加成反应不会影响端羟官能团.此后,合成出许多含Si-H键的有机硅二茂铁衍生物.还研究了各种参数对氢硅化反应速率和产率的影响,包括温度、溶剂性质、催化剂性质和反应条件.反应动力学数据是用红外光谱图进行核对