推力矢量控制系统的参考模型鲁棒控制研究

本文针对典型的推力矢量电波位置伺服系统中存在的参数摄动和加性扰动，采用模型参考鲁棒控制方法（ＭＲＲＣ），使系统对扰动不敏感。ＭＲＲＣ方法仅需要已知系统的输入输出信息，而不必采用全状态反馈，同时比模型参考自适应控制（ＭＲＡＣ）算法简单。文中通过理论分析和必要的公式推导，证明了系统是渐进稳定的，并且仿真结果也验证了ＭＲＲＣ的有效理论分析和必要的公式推导，证明了系统是渐进稳定的，并且仿真结果也验证了ＭＲ     

传感器故障诊断方法研究

对近年来传感器故障诊断和信号恢复的方法，包括硬件冗余、分析冗余和人工神经网络方法作了总结，并指出了它们的优缺点便为进一步研究传感器故障诊断和信号恢复方法提供启示。     

大孔径相机系统透过率测量新方法研究

文中主要对具有大口径、中心遮栏并采用线阵ＣＣＤ做接收器特点的ＪＳ相机光学系统（包括探测器窗口）的透过率进行了测试，用以评定该相机是否能满足系统透过率的要求。若按传统方法测量ＪＳ相机系统透过率则需要与相机口径匹配的大入口、大直径的积分球、大口径平行光管，高功率光源，而且还要考虑中心遮拦，测量用探测器与相机接收器的光谱特性差异以及光源、探测器、积分球之间制约关系等一系列问题。为解决诸问题我们研究制订了     

电镀工艺及其发展方向

电镀新工艺的发展方向已倍受人们的关注。通过分析与研究，介绍了国内外采用综合电镀新工艺的概况，对如何采用低氰和低铬电镀工艺，改进镀前处理工艺等方面作了综述，并对如何有效控制产品质量，合理选择槽液、加温方式也作了介绍。     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

ESA's Biopan 1--"Vitamin" experiment preliminary results

The purpose of “Vitamin” experiment is to study the efficiency of protective substances on three biological acellular systems aqueous solutions exposed to cosmic radiation in space. The first system “LDL”is a low density lipoprotein. The second is “E2-TeBG complexe” in which estradiol (E2) is bound to its plasmatic carrier protein, testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG). The third is “pBR 322”, a plasmid. “Vitamin” experiment was accomodated in the Biopan which had been mounted on the outer surface of a Foton retrievable satellite. The experiment was exposed to space environment during 15 days. A stable temperature of about 20 °C was maintained throughout the flight. “Vitamin” experiment preliminary results are presented and discussed.     

Goals and preparation method for ground operations for the manned space flight Altair

The mission's success fully depends on the Payload Operations conducted during the space flight. The Ground Team has to be trained to assist the Space Crew, to replan the cosmonaut's activities when contingengies occurr onboard and to change or cancel Payload activities when required. In order to act efficiently during the mission, the Ground Team must be prepared in advance of the flight and able to operate special tools for tracking the mission's progress, anticipating problems and taking decisions in realtime.

This document sets out the approach for conducting such a preparation for Ground Operation. It will be focused on the Altaïr mission performed in July 1993 onboard the Russian Mir space station.     

Efficacy of Doppler ultrasound [correction of utrasound] for screening symptoms of decompression sickness during simulated extravehicular activities

Doppler ultrasound is frequently used for monitoring circulating microbubbles during decompression to assess the symptoms of Decompression Sickness (DCS). This analysis was carried out to evaluate its effectiveness for screening symptoms of DCS during simulated extravehicular activities (EVA). The information from various hypobaric chamber studies carried out at the NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX was used in this analysis (n = 516). The circulating microbubbles were detected in the precordial area in 42% (218/516), and symptoms were reported in 16% (81/516) of these exposures. The accuracy of Doppler-detectable bubbles (Spencer grades) on all symptoms of DCS was examined by calculating measures of sensitivity and specificity. The efficacy of Doppler as a screening device was examined by calculating their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The results of these analyses indicated that the sensitivity of Doppler decreased, and the PPV increased with higher Spencer grades. However, the likelihood of detecting true negative cases (NPV) was consistently higher with all bubble grades. Due to the high false-positive rate and low prior probabilities of the risk of DCS, Doppler was found to be more useful to identify those who did not develop DCS, than to detect positive cases of DCS in the simulated EVA exposures.     

Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.     

前苏联运载火箭计划

前苏联第一代运载火箭是在洲际弹道导弹 R7上改进的,该导弹于1957年8月22日首次发射成功(图1)。有效载荷为3吨的火箭研制,开始于五十年代初,到1953年底,对提议的 REP 方案进行了审查,将有效载荷增加到5.5～6.0吨。在 R7火箭基础上,研制了一个带有空间试验卫星的运载火箭。