铆接结构机身的壁钣化对其制造中装配—安装工作劳动量的影响

1.绪言。基本假设 结构的工艺性就是它适应于用先进生产方法的程度,所谓先进生产方法是能保证产品高度的质量和最低的成本。结构的工艺性首先是决定于结构—工艺的特点,对铆接结构机身而言,它们的壁钣化以及分解成可以独立进行装配的钣件等即为其结构—工艺特点。     

可用于先进复合材料的一种中温固化环氧树脂

本文评价了一种可用于纤维缠绕先进复合材料的,以聚醚三胺进行固化的双酚F 环氧树脂。该树脂系统具有低粘度,长使用期,并能在中温下进行固化。使用这种树脂制造的复合材料,未发现明显的纤维微皱摺或分层现象,这意味着介于纤维和基体之间不同的热膨胀系数已不成为一个问题。该树脂系统浇注体典型力学性能(拉伸、压缩和剪切)已测得。拉伸:最大应力75.8兆帕(Mpa),最大应力下的应变为4.2%,模量为3171兆帕,断裂应力为71兆帕,断裂应变为5.8%。压缩:最大应力为87兆帕,最大应力下的应变为4.7%,模量为3150兆帕。剪切:断裂应力为52.2兆帕,冲击强度为32.6牛顿米/米。     

被盐损坏的钢筋砼结构修补方法

建筑构筑物被盐腐蚀是个严重问题，（日本）经对全国的铁路桥、公路桥、港湾设施及各类建筑结构，被盐损坏的调研。盐对结构物的腐蚀，主要是对钢筋的腐蚀，所以研究防蚀方法，是防止腐蚀剂进入砼，即防止腐蚀剂接触钢筋或是控制该系统的电位。文章着重阐述了修补的方法主要为阿萨诺翻新法的所用材料及防盐损坏系统。     

一种利用功率反演和线性约束最小方差算法的自适应天线

介绍了一种新的基于功率反演和线性约束最小方差的算法,以高度抑制GPS接收机的干扰信号。这种结构通过提调整天线阵列的权值,实时地接收并改变来自各方向的GPS信号,同时对不同方向的干扰信号有高的抑制比。对固定和移动的干扰都做了仿真,仿真表明这种结构有很深的零点,对固定干扰信号的抑制比可达到115dB,对移动干扰信号的抑制比可达到94dB。     

SOLID3: a multiplex antibody microarray-based optical sensor instrument for in situ life detection in planetary exploration

The search for unequivocal signs of life on other planetary bodies is one of the major challenges for astrobiology. The failure to detect organic molecules on the surface of Mars by measuring volatile compounds after sample heating, together with the new knowledge of martian soil chemistry, has prompted the astrobiological community to develop new methods and technologies. Based on protein microarray technology, we have designed and built a series of instruments called SOLID (for "Signs Of LIfe Detector") for automatic in situ detection and identification of substances or analytes from liquid and solid samples (soil, sediments, or powder). Here, we present the SOLID3 instrument, which is able to perform both sandwich and competitive immunoassays and consists of two separate functional units: a Sample Preparation Unit (SPU) for 10 different extractions by ultrasonication and a Sample Analysis Unit (SAU) for fluorescent immunoassays. The SAU consists of five different flow cells, with an antibody microarray in each one (2000 spots). It is also equipped with an exclusive optical package and a charge-coupled device (CCD) for fluorescent detection. We demonstrated the performance of SOLID3 in the detection of a broad range of molecular-sized compounds, which range from peptides and proteins to whole cells and spores, with sensitivities at 1-2?ppb (ng?mL?1) for biomolecules and 10? to 103 spores per milliliter. We report its application in the detection of acidophilic microorganisms in the Río Tinto Mars analogue and report the absence of substantial negative effects on the immunoassay in the presence of 50?mM perchlorate (20 times higher than that found at the Phoenix landing site). Our SOLID instrument concept is an excellent option with which to detect biomolecules because it avoids the high-temperature treatments that may destroy organic matter in the presence of martian oxidants.     

波音试验787噪声抑制技术

出于环境保护的目的,国际民航组织正在制定越来越严格的限制噪声的标准,各国航空界也开展了各种降噪技术的研究。美国NASA领导的始于十年前的“静音技术验证”(QTD)计划就是其中之一,并已经获得了不少成果,波音公司不仅参与了QTD计划,并正在将其中一些技术引进到波音787中。     

带加速度修正的极坐标系α-β滤波器

有时使用极坐标系对跟踪计算很有利。但因匀速目标的位置量不再象直角坐标系中一样是时间的线性函数而带来了复杂。然而这可以通过使用在预报方程中加伪加速度修正因子来近似修正系统动态的方法而解决,代价是增加了系统的噪声。对于α-β滤波器,加入这些修正因子,滤波器的稳态误差性能降低极小,同时又可大大减小偏倚误差。     

在SA条件下利用GPS的轨道确定和点定位

GPS精度控制(SA)措施降低了GPS标准定位业务(SPS)非差分用户的定位精度。常说的SPS可达精度在正常条件下为100米(2DRMS)。在缺乏更多具体条件下,许多未来的SPS用户在他们的规划中采用了100米这一精度值,但多数情况下,是夸大了实际定位误差。在本文中,我们针对轨道用户星的点定位和动力学轨道确定来研究SA带来的误差。要使SA带来的误差减至最小,非差分用户有几种选择:扩大接收视场;观测尽可能多的GPS卫星;在时间上平滑误差;选用独立计算的GPS精密轨道星历(如NASA和美国测绘局计算的),而不采用广播星历。仿真计算表明,3维点位误差可保持在30米,并且在几小时内能平滑到3米。     

Chaotic exchange of solid material between planetary systems: implications for lithopanspermia

Abstract We examined a low-energy mechanism for the transfer of meteoroids between two planetary systems embedded in a star cluster using quasi-parabolic orbits of minimal energy. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the exchange of meteoroids could have been significantly more efficient than previously estimated. Our study is relevant to astrobiology, as it addresses whether life on Earth could have been transferred to other planetary systems in the Solar System's birth cluster and whether life on Earth could have been transferred from beyond the Solar System. In the Solar System, the timescale over which solid material was delivered to the region from where it could be transferred via this mechanism likely extended to several hundred million years (as indicated by the 3.8-4.0?Ga epoch of the Late Heavy Bombardment). This timescale could have overlapped with the lifetime of the Solar birth cluster (～100-500?Myr). Therefore, we conclude that lithopanspermia is an open possibility if life had an early start. Adopting parameters from the minimum mass solar nebula, considering a range of planetesimal size distributions derived from observations of asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects and theoretical coagulation models, and taking into account Oort Cloud formation models, we discerned that the expected number of bodies with mass>10?kg that could have been transferred between the Sun and its nearest cluster neighbor could be of the order of 10(14) to 3·10(16), with transfer timescales of tens of millions of years. We estimate that of the order of 3·10(8)·l (km) could potentially be life-bearing, where l is the depth of Earth's crust in kilometers that was ejected as the result of the early bombardment. Key Words: Extrasolar planets-Interplanetary dust-Interstellar meteorites-Lithopanspermia. Astrobiology 12, 754-774.