对我校专职教师参加体育锻炼现状的调查分析

健康的身体对从事教师职业十分重要 ,而要拥有健康的身体至少有两个方面 :一是 ,社会卫生保健质量 ;二是 ,个人持之以恒的、科学的、适当的体育锻炼。本文通过对我校专职教师参加体育锻炼情况的调查与分析 ,找出影响他们参加体育锻炼的原因 ,并提出了相应的意见和建议。1　调查对象与方法本文以我校部分专职教师作为研究对象 ,其中 ,男专职教师 68人 ,女专职教师 5 2人 ;35岁以下80人 ,36～ 40岁 1 7人 ,41～ 45岁 1 2人 ,46～ 5 0岁 5人 ,5 0岁以上 6人。运用问卷调查法和访问法 ,对我校专职教师体育锻炼的现状进行了问卷调查 ,共发放问卷 …     

固体发动机燃烧时间的一种解析算法

给出了以双切线法和二阶导数法相结合来确定发动机燃烧时间的一种解析算法，它适用于一般发动机燃烧时间的处理，通过该解析法与双切线法的比较，证明该方法具有实用价值。     

航天飞行器防热部件烧蚀行为的数值模拟

对航天飞行器防热部件在氧－煤油发动机火焰喷吹下的烧蚀行为进行了有限元数值模拟。利用“杀死”单元的方法建立防热部件瞬态温度场的有限元模型，实现了烧蚀边界的退缩，从而完成了对烧蚀尺寸变化的定量描述。烧蚀开始于4．59s，到12s时线烧蚀量为1．47mm。计算结果与试验的实测结果一致。     

动平衡对小卫星姿态的影响及配重优化

针对小卫星动平衡问题;从小卫星姿态精度角度分析卫星动平衡的必要性,并提出配重优化方法、首先进行理论和仿真分析,表明质心偏移降低星体姿态精度、增加姿控能源和工质消耗、并导致姿态确定和控制器设计参数产生偏差;从而导致卫星姿态产生系统误差;因而动平衡是提高卫星服役质量和服役寿命的必要步骤。然后提出配重优化的动态规划法和单纯形法优化模型,并给出程序设计以及计算实例。     

小型船艇仿真训练系统的设计和实现

基于VRML技术开发的高速船艇仿真训练系统是集机电、计算机技术和网络技术于一体的综合仿真训练系统，本文介绍了该系统的总体结构、系统功能、特点及相关的实现技术，并展望了该系统的应用前景。     

One hundred US EVAs: a perspective on spacewalks

In the 36 years between June 1965 and February 2001, the US human space flight program has conducted 100 spacewalks, or extravehicular activities (EVAs), as NASA officially calls them. EVA occurs when astronauts wearing spacesuits travel outside their protective spacecraft to perform tasks in the space vacuum environment. US EVA started with pioneering feasibility tests during the Gemini Program. The Apollo Program required sending astronauts to the moon and performing EVA to explore the lunar surface. EVA supported scientific mission objectives of the Skylab program, but may be best remembered for repairing launch damage to the vehicle and thus saving the program. EVA capability on Shuttle was initially planned to be a kit that could be flown at will, and was primarily intended for coping with vehicle return emergencies. The Skylab emergency and the pivotal role of EVA in salvaging that program quickly promoted Shuttle EVA to an essential element for achieving mission objectives, including retrieving satellites and developing techniques to assemble and maintain the International Space Station (ISS). Now, EVA is supporting assembly of ISS. This paper highlights development of US EVA capability within the context of the overarching mission objectives of the US human space flight program.     

防空导弹引战配合设计变分问题的近似求解

以破片杀伤战斗部的破片动态相对飞散密度函数作为设计变元，得到单枚导弹战斗部对空中目标的杀伤概率泛函。于是，对防空导弹引战配合的设计就转化为求解相应的变分问题（VP）。通过里兹法对此进行了近似求解，求解结果与实际的引战配合情况完全符合。这说明防空导弹引战配合设计的变分法是可行的，从而为现代防空导弹引战配合在更广泛的类型中寻求最佳设计提供了有效的方法和手段。     

机动再入飞行器的复合制导方案研究

对机动再入飞行器弧段的复合制导方案进行了研究，首先提出了通过高低空复合制导控制再入飞行器的终端速度和弹道倾角的思路；然后分别给出了高空最优制导律和大气厚再入最优制导律；最后对此复合制导方案进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明此方案在理论上是可行的。     

开辟航天工程应用新领域建设航天作战应用实验室

分析了国内安全形势、建设武器装备作战实验室的紧迫性和重要性以及美军作战实验室建设的现状,提出了军事航天装备体系的结构组成及军事航天作战应用仿真系统的总体结构。开展天战理论与应用研究,创建航天作战应用实验室具有重要的指导意义和军事价值。     

The physics,biology, and environmental ethics of making mars habitable

The considerable evidence that Mars once had a wetter, more clement, environment motivates the search for past or present life on that planet. This evidence also suggests the possibility of restoring habitable conditions on Mars. While the total amounts of the key molecules--carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen--needed for creating a biosphere on Mars are unknown, estimates suggest that there may be enough in the subsurface. Super greenhouse gases, in particular, perfluorocarbons, are currently the most effective and practical way to warm Mars and thicken its atmosphere so that liquid water is stable on the surface. This process could take approximately 100 years. If enough carbon dioxide is frozen in the South Polar Cap and absorbed in the regolith, the resulting thick and warm carbon dioxide atmosphere could support many types of microorganisms, plants, and invertebrates. If a planet-wide martian biosphere converted carbon dioxide into oxygen with an average efficiency equal to that for Earth's biosphere, it would take > 100,000 years to create Earth-like oxygen levels. Ethical issues associated with bringing life to Mars center on the possibility of indigenous martian life and the relative value of a planet with or without a global biosphere.