无人在场时，颜色存在吗？

自20世纪30年代量子物理的意义首次被提出以来。就不断引发争论。时至今日，我们对这个问题的理解并没有比以前进步多少。在过去几十年里。据说“万物理论”与我们只有一步之遥，弦论却使得这一步难以跨越：纠缠于其涉及的抽象数学问题，其中包含着未被证明以及不能证明的一些论断。     

早期的恐龙可能长有羽毛

研究人员认为。鸟类由恐龙进化而来，但恐龙从什么时间开始变成鸟的呢？在俄罗斯西伯利亚进行的挖掘活动中，研究人员有了新发现．证明恐龙可能在其存在的非常早期的阶段，即2．4亿年前，便长有羽毛。化石记录清楚地表明，鸟类的祖先就是恐龙的一种。鸟类在大约6600万年前从可能由一个巨大的小行星撞击地球导致的大灭绝中幸存了下来。     

即将步入所谓的混乱时代——不明飞行物报告（四）

第二次世界大战结束以后，人们发现德国在以前就已经开展了一些先进的飞行设备与制导导弹的研发工作。虽然这些项目大部分尚处于初级阶段，但它们依然是特定时期唯一类似于U10事件目击者所观测到的飞行物的飞行设备。     

简单大脑的自我意识

你可能正通过计算机、智能手机或其他电子设备阅读这篇文章，并且查阅天气情况或邮件信息。这些电子设备就像人脑中相互关联的细胞一样，也有“大脑”——精密的电路——用以储存信息，并按照具体的、可知的方式运行。尽管电路和人脑中的神经元在最基本的层面上都是由原子和基础粒子构成的，但人脑具有自我意识，人造的存储设备却无法感知自身的存在。     

人类是时间存在的证据？

数十年前,科学家将量子理论套用到宇宙上。得到的方程式却“消灭”了时间。时间的流逝究竟是真实存在，还是我们认知的错觉？施翼林教授提出大胆的见解，认为我们就是时间存在的证明。他画出的宇宙连环图是什么样的光景呢？     

“阿波罗12”号拍到的“月亮鸽”

1969年11月14日。当“阿波罗12”号飞船飞向月球时，遭遇了若干不明飞行物。两个UFO“陪伴”飞船飞行了大约24万千米的距离。那次登月任务非常成功，登月舱安全地降落在了月球风暴海附近。“阿波罗12”号的任务指挥官查尔斯·康拉德后来无法隐藏他心中的快乐：“我们非常幸运!它们待我们真客气!”     

饮用水中的氟有害吗?

正一些有争议的说法,比如地球是平的,或者杏仁可以治疗癌症,很容易被证明是错误的。然而,如果一种观点背后有"坚实"的研究支持,而且是美国哈佛大学的教授所做的研究,那恐怕就没有那么容易推翻了。饮用水中的氟化物问题就是这种情况。饮用水中加入氟的做法已经有数十年了,并且被不断证明这样可以减少儿童     

Responses of haloarchaea to simulated microgravity

Various effects of microgravity on prokaryotes have been recognized in recent years, with the focus on studies of pathogenic bacteria. No archaea have been investigated yet with respect to their responses to microgravity. For exposure experiments on spacecrafts or on the International Space Station, halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) are usually embedded in halite, where they accumulate in fluid inclusions. In a liquid environment, these cells will experience microgravity in space, which might influence their viability and survival. Two haloarchaeal strains, Haloferax mediterranei and Halococcus dombrowskii, were grown in simulated microgravity (SMG) with the rotary cell culture system (RCCS, Synthecon). Initially, salt precipitation and detachment of the porous aeration membranes in the RCCS were observed, but they were avoided in the remainder of the experiment by using disposable instead of reusable vessels. Several effects were detected, which were ascribed to growth in SMG: Hfx. mediterranei's resistance to the antibiotics bacitracin, erythromycin, and rifampicin increased markedly; differences in pigmentation and whole cell protein composition (proteome) of both strains were noted; cell aggregation of Hcc. dombrowskii was notably reduced. The results suggest profound effects of SMG on haloarchaeal physiology and cellular processes, some of which were easily observable and measurable. This is the first report of archaeal responses to SMG. The molecular mechanisms of the effects induced by SMG on prokaryotes are largely unknown; haloarchaea could be used as nonpathogenic model systems for their elucidation and in addition could provide information about survival during lithopanspermia (interplanetary transport of microbes inside meteorites).     

Classification of modern and old Río Tinto sedimentary deposits through the biomolecular record using a life marker biochip: implications for detecting life on Mars

The particular mineralogy formed in the acidic conditions of the Río Tinto has proven to be a first-order analogue for the acid-sulfate aqueous environments of Mars. Therefore, studies about the formation and preservation of biosignatures in the Río Tinto will provide insights into equivalent processes on Mars. We characterized the biomolecular patterns recorded in samples of modern and old fluvial sediments along a segment of the river by means of an antibody microarray containing more than 200 antibodies (LDCHIP200, for Life Detector Chip) against whole microorganisms, universal biomolecules, or environmental extracts. Samples containing 0.3-0.5?g of solid material were automatically analyzed in situ by the Signs Of LIfe Detector instrument (SOLID2), and the results were corroborated by extensive analysis in the laboratory. Positive antigen-antibody reactions indicated the presence of microbial strains or high-molecular-weight biopolymers that originated from them. The LDCHIP200 results were quantified and subjected to a multivariate analysis for immunoprofiling. We associated similar immunopatterns, and biomolecular markers, to samples with similar sedimentary age. Phyllosilicate-rich samples from modern fluvial sediments gave strong positive reactions with antibodies against bacteria of the genus Acidithiobacillus and against biochemical extracts from Río Tinto sediments and biofilms. These samples contained high amounts of sugars (mostly polysaccharides) with monosaccharides like glucose, rhamnose, fucose, and so on. By contrast, the older deposits, which are a mix of clastic sands and evaporites, showed only a few positives with LDCHIP200, consistent with lower protein and sugar content. We conclude that LDCHIP200 results can establish a correlation between microenvironments, diagenetic stages, and age with the biomarker profile associated with a sample. Our results would help in the search for putative martian biomarkers in acidic deposits with similar diagenetic maturity. Our LDCHIP200 and SOLID-like instruments may be excellent tools for the search for molecular biomarkers on Mars or other planets.