Astronaut-induced disturbances in microgravity

This Note describes the dynamic load sensors (DLS) spaceflight experiment that measured middeck astronaut-induced disturbances during the 14-day STS-62 Space Shuttle mission in March 1994. The DLS experiment was flown in conjunction with the reflight of the Middeck 0-Gravity Dynamics Experiment (MODE). The objective of MODE was to investigate effects of the microgravity environment on large space structures. Where Skylab experiments focused on measuring the forces exerted during vigorous soaring activities, the DLS experiment quantified the reaction forces and moments exerted by the crew going about their normal on-orbit activities. The objective of this Note is to present DLS force data and frequency analysis that characterize astronaut-induced loads during spaceflight.     

Titan and exobiological aspects of the Cassini-Huygens mission

Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has a dense N2-CH4 atmosphere rich in organic compounds, both in gas and in aerosol phases. Its surface is probably covered by oceans of liquid methane-ethane mixtures, with many dissolved organics. This quasi planet appears as a natural laboratory to study chemical evolution toward complex organic systems in a planetary environment over a long time scale. With the Cassini-Huygens mission NASA and ESA will jointly send an orbiter (Cassini) around Saturn and a probe (Huygens) in the atmosphere of Titan. This mission, currently planned to be launched in 1996-1997 for a Saturn - Titan arrival in 2004, offers a unique opportunity to study in detail extra-terrestrial organic processes. Consequently, it has important implications in the field of exobiology and the origins of life.     

数字频率合成的新途径

本文介绍了从1Hz到399999Hz以1Hz步进频率合成新技术。合成的波形是对称方波,与晶体管—晶体管逻辑(TTL)相容。它所使用的合成算法为高效率使用系统的数字式仪器创造了条件。整套设备是由一个输入装置、一个BCD/二进制转换器、一个二进制分频器、一个数字式比较器和一个锁相环(PLL)倍频器组成。     

通信卫星平台—来自东方的竞争

最近正在出现一些东方国家对通信卫星市场构成的威胁。尽管这些来自东方的竞争者无法与美国的休斯、洛·马、洛拉尔公司及欧洲的法国宇航公司和马特拉·马可尼公司相提并论，但它们的存在仍不容忽视。此前在其他领域低估日本、韩国和中国台湾实力的教训比比皆是。当前，亚太地区是通信卫星市场蓬勃发展的主要动力，西方主要卫星制造商在这一市场上的占有率不断提高，其主要原因是这些亚太国家不能自给自足。不过这一情况现已发生变化，预计在下个世纪初，这些刚刚在亚太市场立足的西方卫星制造商会发现他们的订单将逐渐被来自远东的竞争者夺…     

Ray Structure of the Coronal Streamer Belt and Its Manifestation as Sharp Large Peaks of Solar Wind Plasma Density at the Earth''''s Orbit

The white-light corona calibrated data with processing level L1 from the LASCO-C2/SOHO instrument, and data from the Wind spacecraft with one-hour and one-minute time resolution on quasi-stationary slow (v between 300-450 km/s at the Earth's orbit) the Solar Wind (SW) parameters in the absence of sporadic SW streams are examined. Within distances from the Sun's center less than R in the range of 20-30 Rs, (Rs, the solar radius), slow wind is known as the streamer belt, and at larger distances it is called the He-liospheric Plasma Sheet (HPS). It is shown that the streamer belt comprises a sequence of pairs of rays. In general, ray brightnesses in each pair can differ, and the magnetic field is oppositely directed in them. The neutral line of the radial magnetic field of the Sun runs along the belt between the rays of each of the pairs. The area in which the streamer belt intersects the ecliptic plane and which lies at the central meridian, will be recorded at the earth's orbit with a time delay of 5-6 days, in the form of one or several peaks with Nmax> 10cm-3. Furthermore, the simplest density profile of the portion of the HCS has the form of two peaks of a different or identical amplitude . The such a profile is observed in cases where the angle of intersection of the streamer belt with the ecliptic plane near the Sun is sufficiently large, i.e. close to 90°. The two-ray structure of the cross-section of the streamer-belt moves from the Sun to the Earth, it retains not only the angular size of the peaks but also the relative density variations, and the position of the neutral line (sector boundary) in between. At the Earth's orbit the ray structure of the streamer belt provides the source for sharp (i.e. with steep fronts of a duration of a few minutes or shorter) solar wind plasma density peaks (of a duration of several hours) with maximum values Nmax> 10cm-3.     

击沉“俾斯麦”号

为了纪念60多年前,也就是1941年5月27日击沉“俾斯麦”（DMS Bismarck）号战列舰的胜利。历史学家罗伊·内斯比特（当时是英国皇家空军的执行了攻击“俾斯麦”号的任务的轰炸机部队领航员）重新详细回忆了这次行动中皇家空军和海军航空部队参与作战的部分。     

普惠公司加快F135的研制进度

普惠公司已开始实施F135发动机的研制和试验计划,预计明年10月将进行SDD发动机试验。另外,普惠公司还进行了该发动机的一些部件和系统的试验与评审,如燃烧室试验和隔热涂层评审等     

新燃烧室旨在提高性能和降低污染

自１９９４年以来，ＧＥ公司一直在为军用发动机研究驻涡燃烧室技术。这项技术与常规燃烧室相比，具有重量轻、长度短、燃烧稳定和污染少等优点。目前该公司正在试验各种燃烧室试验件，一旦试验完成，公司将为ＩＨＰＴＥＴ和ＪＴＤＥ设计可实际使用的驻涡燃烧室     

CSM玻璃钢层间剪切断裂

 本文对CSM-GRP层间剪切断裂用实验与分析方法进行了研究。用英国标准BS4994规定的双槽试件拉剪法测量了层间剪切强度（ILSS）。用有限元法计算了应力分布、损伤扩展和复合型应力强度因子。并讨论了BS4994规定的这一试验方法的可靠性。