Bacterial community in ancient Siberian permafrost as characterized by culture and culture-independent methods

The microbial composition of ancient permafrost sediments from the Kolyma lowland of Northeast Eurasia was examined through culture and culture-independent approaches. These sediments have been continuously frozen for 5,000 to 2-3 million years. A total of 265 Bacteria 16S rRNA gene sequences were amplified from the permafrost total-community genomic DNA and screened by amplified ribosomal 16S rRNA restriction analysis. Members of three major lineages were found: gamma-Proteobacteria (mostly Xanthomonadaceae), Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. We also determined partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of 49 isolates from a collection of 462 aerobes isolated from these sediments. The bacteria included Actinomycetales (Arthrobacter and Microbacteriaceae); followed by the Firmicutes (Exiguobacterium and Planomicrobium); the Bacteroidetes (Flavobacterium); the gamma-Proteobacteria (Psychrobacter); and the alpha-Proteobacteria (Sphingomonas). Both culture and culture-independent approaches showed the presence of high and low G+C Gram-positive bacteria and gamma-Proteobacteria. Some of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of environmental clones matched those of Arthrobacter isolates. Two-thirds of the isolates grew at -2.5 degrees C, indicating that they are psychroactive, and all are closely related to phylogenetic groups with strains from other cold environments, mostly commonly from Antarctica. The culturable and non-culturable microorganisms found in the terrestrial permafrost provide a prototype for possible life on the cryogenic planets of the Solar System.     

The Physical Foundation of Forecasting Disturbances in the Geospace From Solar Disk Characteristics

The five main types of antisunward propagating energetic fluxes (particles and emission) may be thought of as well established to date, the effects of which lead to a particilar character of disturbance in the near-terrestrial environment (the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere). The strongest global restructuring of the magnetosphere and ionosphere is caused by fluxes of relatively dense n of 1-70 cm-3 at the Earth's orbit) Solar Wind (SW) quasi-neutral, low-energy (E ＜ 10 keV) plasma which cause magnetospheric and ionospheric storms lasting 24 hours or longer. For that reason, main attention is given to their study at the initial stage of research. The physical essence of the method of predicting disturbances in the near-terrestrial space environment, the amplitude of which can be expressed in, for example, the Kp index units, involves:(1) identifying all the most geo-effective SW streams of type, (2) determing their sources on the solar disk,and (3) quantifying the correlations between the characteristics of their solar sources with a maximum value of the Kp-index that is caused by the concerned type of SW stream. Semi-phenomenological relations have been obtained, which relate parameters of type SW stream sources to characteristics of geomagnetic storms:storm commencement, the time at which the storm intensity reaches its maximum values, the storm duration,as well as to the storm amplitude expressed in terms of geomagnetic indeces.      

失落了的文明

在气候炎热的危地马拉丛林中,一群人在血红色的大金字塔下站了好几个小时.他们一动不动.所有的目光都集中在塔顶的石刻上.在那儿,国王的头上佩带着翎毛,一手持一柄双首鳄节杖,正要从留有祖先信息的神堂中现身而出.这群人虽然看不到国王的动态、却懂得这种宗教仪式的奥秘:通过服用致幻药飘飘然地进入阴间.国王会使用黑曜岩刀片或鱼脊骨,刺穿他自己的阴茎.随即掏出一根绳子穿过伤口,让血液沥到几张树皮纸上.然后他拿起带血的树皮纸将它点燃,从缕缕上升的烟雾中金蛇飞舞的幻象便呈现在国王的面前.     

应及时切实地检查原料需要计划系统

在过去的十年里,上千个制造公司在原料需求量计划系统(MRP—material Requir—ment Planning)上,采用了许多新技术。还有些公司不惜花费大量的时间和资金去设计原材料需求量计划系统,但都没有取得预期的效果。虽然企业的效益不断增加,库存量减少了20—40％,功效提高了5—20％,为顾客服务水平提高了10—50％,但大部分公司并     

汉莎开辟新的航空货运市场

汉莎航空公司目前正开拓一些新的国内和国际货运业务,并为此寻找新的货运枢纽和合作伙伴,以便巩固其世界最大定期货运商的地位。 该计划包括收回汉莎在货运分部中的全部股本,使其成为一个独立的经营实体。这是公司为摆脱赤字而采取的重大调整战略的一部分。汉莎管理委员会已同意成立独立的货运公司,并正在与工会进行协商。主要问题是雇员的养老保护问题,目前养老金是由政府提供的。雇员养老保护问     

价值工程的合同方面

本文以叙述合同要求,各种形式的价值工程计划和建议,以及规定的分享条款的形式等来阐述价值工程的合同方面的问题.为了说明如何实际运用价值工程合同的概念和降低成本的计算方法,以及如何在政府和雷锡恩公司之间分享节余的方法,本文将重点阐明价值工程变更提案的主要部分.多年来,为了简化价值工程条款,防务采办条例(DAR)已修正了多次.本文是根据最近修改的DAR写成的,参照的文件为《防务采办通报》,DAC76—26,1980年     

降阶脉冲发动机的点火控制逻辑

本文研究脉冲发动机在战术导弹,特别是空空导弹上的应用.因为其飞行任务要求对能量消耗作仔细地监控.一般的中程空空导弹使用助推-主发动机作为动力.除了接近交会之外,发射时导弹雷达导引头并不知道目标.一般的中程空空导弹使用比例导航或者在终段制导使用改进的比例导航,同时为了使导弹在较高的高度飞行以减小阻力,在中段附加了预编程的     

寻找“暗物质”

当天体物理学家理查·艾利斯将哈勃望远镜对准40亿光年之外的AC114星系群时,发现了一个特异现象:星系群中心有两个相互映衬的天体影像.艾利斯认为,实在的天体仅有一个,另一个只是该实在天体的虚像.AC114星系群强大的引力起到了凸透镜的作用,将遥远星系发出的射线捕获.使之弯曲折射.由此造成了上述现象.     

来自热带雨林的解译

来自热带雨林的解译︹美︺Ｃ芬尼维西钱峰译曾一度为玛雅文明中心地带的危地马拉彼德克斯贝顿热带雨林，就连强盗、窃贼也绕道而行。但在以往的６年中，一支非凡的大型研究队伍抵挡住毒蛇猛兽及当地游击队的侵袭，深入到这一秘密丛林之中去探寻一个秘密：为何这一高度文...