The Physical Foundation of Forecasting Disturbances in the Geospace From Solar Disk Characteristics

The five main types of antisunward propagating energetic fluxes (particles and emission) may be thought of as well established to date, the effects of which lead to a particilar character of disturbance in the near-terrestrial environment (the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere). The strongest global restructuring of the magnetosphere and ionosphere is caused by fluxes of relatively dense n of 1-70 cm-3 at the Earth's orbit) Solar Wind (SW) quasi-neutral, low-energy (E ＜ 10 keV) plasma which cause magnetospheric and ionospheric storms lasting 24 hours or longer. For that reason, main attention is given to their study at the initial stage of research. The physical essence of the method of predicting disturbances in the near-terrestrial space environment, the amplitude of which can be expressed in, for example, the Kp index units, involves:(1) identifying all the most geo-effective SW streams of type, (2) determing their sources on the solar disk,and (3) quantifying the correlations between the characteristics of their solar sources with a maximum value of the Kp-index that is caused by the concerned type of SW stream. Semi-phenomenological relations have been obtained, which relate parameters of type SW stream sources to characteristics of geomagnetic storms:storm commencement, the time at which the storm intensity reaches its maximum values, the storm duration,as well as to the storm amplitude expressed in terms of geomagnetic indeces.      

Study of the Enhancement Events of Relativistic Electron at the Geosynchronous Orbit

The high flux of energetic electron on geostationary orbit can induce many kinds of malfunction of the satellite there, within which the bulk-charging is the most significant that several broadcast satellite failures were confirmed to be due to this effect. The electron flux on geostationary orbit varies in a large range even up to three orders accompanied the passage of interplanetary magnetic cloud and the following geomagnetic disturbances. Upon the investigation of electron flux enhancement events, two types of events were partitioned as recurrent events and random ones. Both of the two kinds of events relate to the interplanetary conditions such as solar wind parameters, IMF etc and their evolution characters as well. As for the recurrent events, we found that, (1) all of the events exhibits periodic recurrence about 27 days, (2) significant increase of electron flux relates to interplanetary index and characters of their distribution, (3) the electron flux also has relation to solar activity index. An artificial neural network was constructed to estimate the flux I day ahead. The random electron flux enhancement events are rare and present different distribution figures to the recurrent ones. The figure of the random events and the conditions of their occurrence is also discussed in this paper.      

喷流对飞机尾流涡影响的试验研究

飞机产生的尾流涡,特别是大尺度的翼尖涡,对尾随其后的飞行器是非常有害的,本文旨在探索利用飞机发动机产生的喷流加速尾流涡消亡的方法。试验采用简化的飞机模型(有尾翼),建立了包含一对翼尖涡及一对反向旋转的尾翼涡(通过以负迎角安装尾翼得到)的4涡尾流系统。在无外来扰动的情况下,不同的尾翼设置下得到的尾翼涡对翼尖涡的作用效果不同,有的能导致翼尖涡提前消亡,有的则不能。考察了不同强度的喷流对不同4涡尾流系统的影响,且作为对比,对无尾翼(2涡系统)及无喷流下的各种情况也分别作了观测。试验在拖曳水槽中进行,运用体视粒子图像测速(SPIV)技术,观测了与模型拖曳方向垂直的、从机翼后缘到下游约45翼展间均布的一系列切面。结果表明:当喷流直接作用于涡时,其效果主要取决于两者之间的初始距离及相对强度;而当喷流作用于整个4涡尾流系统时,其引入的扰动对不同的系统均能起到一定程度的改善作用,这种作用的关键在于利用喷流优化对翼尖涡进行扰动的机制,而不仅仅取决于喷流的强度。     

结构件电子剪切干涉测量术应用现状与前景

叙述了计算机化的剪切散斑干涉测量术工作原理和光路布置,分析了这一测量方法的特点,介绍了蜂窝结构、机身蒙皮和高压瓶等结构件的检测结果。叙述了计算机化的剪切散斑干涉测量术工作原理和光路布置,分析了这一测量方法的特点,介绍了蜂窝结构、机身蒙皮和高压瓶等结构件的检测结果。     

控制和预测焊接质量的计算机可视系统

介绍了控制和预测熔焊质量的计算机可视系统的结构和技术特性。该系统能在航空、航天、原子能等部门的重要焊接结构的质量保证方面发挥明显作用。     

金融危机影响滞后采取措施应对寒冬——金融危机下的商用飞机制造业

在金融危机向实体经济蔓延的情况下,人们普遍关心,航空制造业将发生怎样的变化？飞机市场是否将再次面临新飞机订单下降,原有储备订单被取消或推迟交付的情况？     

德国机床工业的创新和趋势

机床是一个复杂的机电一体化系统.机床的创新离不开新结构、新材料、新的功能部件、新刀具和新的外围设备.加工工艺的发展以及加工过程的仿真和监控也日益受到重视.     

NASCOM网络管理结构的重建

Nascom地面通信系统的研制始于1958年的先驱计划。低速率系统(速率低于9.6kbps)的开发遵循现有标准。但高速系统没有可比较的标准,因此使用专用协议和定制硬件开发。 自地面保障系统建成后,技术又取得了巨大的进步。有了计算机硬件、软件和高速通信标准,而且现有工作站的性能超出了地面系统研制中使用的主机性能。 Nascom正处于改进其保障系统以及提供更多服务的过程中。信息交换系统(MSS),通信地址处理器(CAP)以及多路复用/分路器(MDM)自动控制系统(MACS)是几例使用X—windows,Motifus及简易网络管理协议(SNMP)等标准开发出的Nascom系统。而且,地球观测系统(EOS)通信(ECOM)计划把标准作为整个网络的组成部分来强调。向标准发展在改进操作质量的同时缩减了研制、维护和互操作费用。 已经制定了将Nascom网络和系统综合到公共网络管理结构中的设施和资源管理器(FARM)计划。结构中最大限度地采用标准和实现计算机自动化将带来成本不断下降,操作效率不断提高。第一步总是得出Nascom总的需求,并确定全部现有管理系统共有的功能。确定这些公共功能可在管理结构中实现过程的再利用并促进整个Nascom网络更多地采用自动化。 MSS、CAP、MACS和Ecom计划通过降低成本和提高质量。表明了商业成品(COTS)和标准的潜在价     

应用于航天的专家系统外壳

从地面对航天器上复杂的、紧密耦合的系统进行控制是一项非常复杂的任务。在起飞期间,操作员不停地监视着输入的系统数据,并作出各种判断以保证发射成功。在大多数系统中,操作员从嵌入地面控制计算机的软件中获取这些原始数据。如果数据超过了某一固定门限,则软件触发一个警告。然而,紧密耦合的子系统经常会引发几个警告并同时发声,信息大量涌向操作员,延误操作员的反应时间,导致慌乱、疏忽和系统失败。     

用于NASA局长期气球计划的低成本TDRSS通信设备

NASA研制的新TDRSS转发器和射频地面支持设备,使一系列低预算NASA计划可以利用TDRSS的通信业务。由于采用了当前先进技术,有些则是尖端技术,使这些新设备为用户提供了许多先进特性,而成本仍比以前任何一种设计方案低。这些新设备将于1992年12月首次用于飞越南极的长期科学气球计划。