费用-效果分析在空间运输决策支持系统中的应用

低成本空间运输对保证正常扩大利用空间以及维持所需的地面/空间基地后勤支援是非常重要的.介绍了如何建立空间运输决策支持系统.重点介绍如何在该系统中采用费用-效果分析技术和分析程序.其目的是要提供一种计算机化的决策支持系统,使用户能按费用、进度和技术参数等来组成和评审空间运输系统结构.这种系统和用户有很强的交互作用性,能允许用户针对相同的和在变化中的判据来评审/比较多种空间运输系统方案.     

MX第一级

1980年在 Montery 召开的 JANNAF 会议上,介绍了 MX 第一级原始方案论证及制订的研制方案。这篇新资料评论了最初的两次静态试验所取得的结果。     

液体火箭发动机喷嘴动力学研究进展

对液体火箭发动机喷嘴动力学研究的有关文献进行了综述,从喷嘴动力学理论分析和实验研究两方面入手,对直流式、离心式喷嘴、敞口型离心式喷嘴和气液同轴喷嘴动力学的国内外研究进展进行了全面总结。从目前的研究结果来看,喷嘴动力学在解决燃烧不稳定方面具有重要意义,在未来液体火箭发动机研制中将起到更大作用。     

英国用于导弹试验的新型遥测系统

1 前言通用测试设备部研制和试验导弹公司所生产的英国现有导弹遥测系统遵循的是多年以前建立的标准。与过去相比,现在的武器试验次数较少而要测的参数却数量大种类多;因而,现有的遥测系统不能完全适合目前的要求。此外,随着国际性合作发展武器的增多和英国武器在国外靶场的发射以及英国靶     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

机载遙测和巡航导弹控制

先进靶场测试飞机(ARIA)是一个空中平台,用于接收、记录、处理和转发遥测数据。本文扼要介绍ARIA的性能,特别着重于介绍改进后的ARIA——控制巡航导弹的飞机(CMMCA)。目前,巡航导弹试验中使用CMMCA具有机上实时显示遥测数据和进行远距离指令和遥控试验导弹的特点     

雷达的韧性、适应性和容量,以及反馈控制的重要性

雷达的作用是向其他系统提供信息,这是不会改变的.现在雷达采用了各种技术,这使雷达比以往任何时候都更经常地采用反馈控制方法来获得韧性、适应性和容量.使雷达对已取得的数据起反应,使反馈控制技术的全部效益发挥出来,只有这样才能设计出更为有价值的雷达来.     

航天飞机纤维缠绕壳体的抗压强度研究:第一部分—试验

航天飞机起飞的瞬间,其主发动机的点火给予固体火箭助推发动机的纤维缠绕壳体一个很大的弯矩,使复合材料壳体的尾部受到了很大的压缩载荷。由于连接的需要,复合壳体尾部具有很复杂的设计,涉及到嵌入的布带和螺旋层减薄问题。为了研究发射瞬间加载状态下的纤维缠绕壳体性能,开始了试验和分析的综合研究。本文将叙述试验计划的研究结果,包括几台全尺寸和300多台缩比壳体的试验。该计划从短期研制工作开始,其目的是要确定适合的缩比试验样品,以便测定材料的抗压强度。一旦缩比样品确定之后,就开始实施更全面的试验计划来确定缠绕壳体的工艺和设计参数变化对强度的影响。为了验证分析预测的有效性,在模拟发射瞬间的弯曲状态中进行了全尺寸壳体试验。在所有的试验中特别注意观察壳体破坏的顺序,即载荷从螺旋层薄弱部位传递到坚固布带终止部位的复杂过程。     

采用ZCS辅助电路的ZVT BOOST变换器

文章提出了一种采用零电流开关（ZCS）作辅助开关而主开关为零电压转换（ZVT）的软开关BOOST变换器；介绍并分析了变换器的工作区间；讨论了设计思路；演示了一个采用绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）的600W10KHz380V输出、交流-直流的BOOST变换器构成的功率因素校正器所获得的实验结果的设计例子。结果表明，在整个规定的线路和负载条件下，辅助开关维持ZCS的同时主开关保持ZVT。