开放式数控技术及其在我国的发展状况

开放式数控系统及开放式数控机床的研究是当前数控技术带有变革性的重大发展方向,因为开放计划的实施,把世界上所有的系统开发商都推到了同一起跑线。因此应该抓住机遇,坚持走数控系统开放化的技术路线,跟踪掌握数控技术的最新进展,解决其中的关键技术,为新一代国产开放式数控系统的研制打下坚实的基础。     

复合材料结构非线性分析软件功用简介

简介了复合材料结构非线性有限元分析的功能，用途以单元处理技术。本软件可对复合材料结构进行应力应变分析，轴对称分析，空间体分析和空间板壳分析，其非线性分析功能包括；材料非线性分析，小位移小应变分析，大位移小应变分析和大位移大应变分析，同时，还具有较好的前处理和后处理功能。     

美国空军可能再裁减 10%～15%的规模

新接任的美国新国防部长可能要面对在去年9月才宣布的全面评审结果的水平上再削减空军10％～15％的规模的早期政策决断问题。 据一位国防部高级官员说,有可能这一计划将刺激F-16和F-15的生产。 预算压力不断增大的结果是,空军估计到1999年战斗机部队减少至17或18个联队而不是去年才宣布的20个。至1994财年底,空军拥有相当于22.3个战斗机联队水平。 一位五角大楼的分析家说,理所当然这是不可接受的。接受这种程度     

波音的隐身火力圈外导弹

“联合空面火力圈外导弹”(JASSM)的竞争将随选定赢得合同的承包商,于1998年4月初结束。这种隐身的侧面倾斜的导弹具有两个相同的可互换的小展弦比弹翼和四个尾翼。全部六个控制面都可以各种组合的方式折叠,以便挂载在许多不同飞机上,包括挂载在B-2和F-117的内部。而且,导弹的平的底部提供一个大升力面,导弹有倾斜能力,使它能比其他导弹更迅速地转弯。 波音的JASSM巡航导弹方案从其80年代后期的“HaveSlick”保形武器项目发展而来。其设计思想是把导弹设计成可贴隐身飞机的蒙皮挂载,而不显著增加其雷达反射性。保形挂载仍然相当重要,因为对隐身飞机要考虑的一个主要问题是需要在内部弹舱内挂载所有武器,故其火力     

非牛顿流体射流雾化特性研究进展

本文总结了有关非牛顿流体射流雾化特性的研究进展。首先,阐述了预测非牛顿液体射流初次雾化失稳特性的理论方法,介绍了有关非牛顿流体射流初次雾化的实验现象和特性参数。当射流初次雾化的过程结束后,破碎产生的液滴会在高速气流中发生二次雾化。随后,总结了国内外有关非牛顿流体液滴二次雾化实验研究的相关进展。分析了液滴二次雾化的实验现象,总结了不同种类液滴二次雾化过程中所研究特性参数,如破碎模态、临界韦伯数和初始变形时间等随来流气体参数之间的关系,并介绍了基于液滴二次雾化物理过程所建立的预测喷雾场液滴平均粒径的雾化模型。最后,基于目前的研究现状,给出了非牛顿液体射流初次雾化和二次雾化实验研究的后续重点研究方向及建议。     

一种优化的挠性陀螺仪六位置试验方案

为了以较低的试验成本获得较高的挠性陀螺静态误差模型系数估计精度,提出了一种基于D-最优准则和正交试验设计的优化地理坐标六位置试验方案.为了验证D-最优地理坐标六位置试验方案的有效性,进行了多次D-最优地理坐标六位置试验和ANSI/IEEE Std 813-1988中规定的地理坐标八位置试验.试验结果表明,在试验成本较低的情况下,D-最优地理坐标六位置试验方案不仅可以估计出挠性陀螺简化静态误差模型系数,而且其估计精度比ANSI/IEEE Std 813-1988中规定的地理坐标八位置试验方案的估计精度略高.      

A viable microbial community in a subglacial volcanic crater lake, Iceland

We describe a viable microbial community in a subglacial lake within the Grímsv?tn volcanic caldera, Iceland. We used a hot water drill to penetrate the 300-m ice shelf and retrieved lake water and volcanic tephra sediments. We also acquired samples of borehole water before and after penetration to the lake, overlying glacial ice and snow, and water from a nearby subaerial geothermal lake for comparative analyses. Lake water is at the freezing point and fresh (total dissolved solids = 260 mg L(-1)). Detectable numbers of cells were found in samples of the lake water column and tephra sediments: 2 x 10(4) ml(-1) and 4 x 10(7) g(-1), respectively. Plate counts document abundant cold-adapted cultivable organisms in the lake water, but not in the borehole (before penetration) or glacial ice. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from genomic DNA extracted from Grímsv?tn samples indicates that the lake community is distinct from the assemblages of organisms in borehole water (before penetration) and the overlying ice and snow. Sequencing of selected DGGE bands revealed that many sequences are highly similar to known psychrophilic organisms or cloned DNA from other cold environments. Significant uptake of 14C-labeled bicarbonate occurred in dark, low-temperature incubations of lake water samples, indicating the presence of autotrophs. Acetylene reduction assays under similar incubation conditions showed no significant nitrogen fixation potential by lake water samples. This may be a consequence of the inhibition of diazotrophy by nitrogen in the lake.     

一种利用功率反演和线性约束最小方差算法的自适应天线

介绍了一种新的基于功率反演和线性约束最小方差的算法,以高度抑制GPS接收机的干扰信号。这种结构通过提调整天线阵列的权值,实时地接收并改变来自各方向的GPS信号,同时对不同方向的干扰信号有高的抑制比。对固定和移动的干扰都做了仿真,仿真表明这种结构有很深的零点,对固定干扰信号的抑制比可达到115dB,对移动干扰信号的抑制比可达到94dB。     

GE-普惠透露GP7000发动机方案

GE-普惠合资公司在范堡罗国际航展上透露了为波音747-500X/-600X研究的新发动机方案。GE公司将制造GP7000发动机系列的高压核心机,而普惠公司将制造风扇和低压压气机及低压涡轮,并最后负责发动机的装配和试验。该发动机被设计成可使飞机总的使用费用减少10％,这是波音公司为波音747改型已确定的指标。GP7000的推力为311～378千牛,而耗油率将比波音747-400上现有发动机的低8％～9％。该发动机的推重比(重量不包括附件)将从5增加到6。     

Effects of repeated long duration +2Gz load on man's cardiovascular function

Usefulness of a short-arm human centrifuge is expected when it is used in space as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning, problem of bone-calcium metabolism, etc. However, nothing is solidly established regarding the most desirable program for artificial G application. Accordingly, this study was designed to analytically evaluate the effects of repeated long duration +Gz load on human cardiovascular function. Recently heart rate spectral analysis has been recognized as a powerful tool for quantitatively evaluating parasympathetic and sympathetic activity separately in human. It is reported that power of the high frequency component (HF-p) is mediated selectively by parasympathetic activity and the power ratio of low to high frequency components(LF/HF) is indicative of cardiac sympathetic activity or cardiac sympathovagal balance. Sequence method is developed to examine spontaneous baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS). We studied cardiovascular control function by using these methods in 9 healthy men before and after 7 days of daily repeated 1hour +2Gz load. When compared with the data of pre-G load period, post-G load period, decrease of HR, increases of HF-p and BRS were statistically significant. SBP, DBP and LF/HF tended to decrease, however, these changes were not statistically significant. This results indicate that repeated +2Gz load increases parasympathetic activity and arterial baroreceptor-cardiac reflex sensitivity. In recent years, many investigators suggest that space flight and head-down bedrest leads to impaired baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responses and decrease of parasympathetic activity, which may contribute to orthostatic intolerance. So our results suggest that daily repeated 1hour +2Gz load would be useful in preventing post-flight orthostatic intolerance.