利用天狼星(SIRIO-1)卫星进行的Ku波段电波传播实验

1983—1984年中国和意大利进行天狼星(SIRlO-1)卫星联合实验,本文报导北京地球站所进行的电波传播实验的主要结果。其中包括:11.5GHz下行雨致衰减、17.1GHz/11.5GHz上下行雨致衰减的相关关系,衰减变化率,微波辐射计和信号闪烁等。所获得的结果对我国发展Ku波段通讯或广播卫星系统有参考意义。     

伊朗是不是第二个伊拉克？也许仅在咫尺之遥

在举行大规模军事演习之后，伊朗总统内贾德4月18日检阅了伊朗三军部队。“今天伊朗军队是世界上最强大的军队之一，将有力地保卫国家行政边界和我们的民族，它将斩断任何侵略者的手，让他们后悔。”——这是来自伊朗总统的慷慨之言。[编者按]     

金属基复合材料凝固工艺

无论是颗粒增强还是纤维增强的金属基复合材料都有一个共同的特征,即它们都显著优于基体合金的刚度和强度。随着增强剂价格的降低,使重量轻的复合材料在许多应用领域中将起到显著提高生产效率和降低能耗的作用。     

先进的生产技术对成本管理的冲击

当前,全世界的制造厂商已意识到他们自己正处于十字路口。为了有效地进行竞争,公司必须努力地以异常低的成本生产出先进的产品,并确保产品的高质量,以及向顾客提供出色的服务。同时他们还必须以极大的灵活性来应付产品短促的寿命周期,以及来自国外的日益增大的竞争。     

一颗渺小而不平凡的行星（上）

在无边无际的宇宙深处,在星系丛聚的星系团——天文学家称之为“本星系群”——的内部.这一星系团的一个成员中,就有由无数个恒星所组成的、形状好像大漩涡的壮丽星系,它便是银河系.和一般星系相比,银河系只不过是一个中等规模的星系,然而其幅度之广已足以令人头晕目眩的了.它那发光圆盘的直径经测定约为8万光年,中心突起部分厚度达1.5万年,而这1光年是光线以每秒29.97万公里的速度在1年内所行经的距离——差一点就等于9.7万亿公里.在离银河系中心大约3/4半径之处,恒星分布渐稀,一颗平凡无奇的淡黄色恒星便在那里照耀着.这颗恒星有充裕的空间供它运行,因为银河系中离它最近的恒星也在它40万亿公里之外,彼此相隔超过4光年.而它与另一颗近邻恒星的距离还要再远出2光年左右,这颗颇为寂寞     

基于运动的GPS测姿解整周模糊的新算法

利用ＧＰＳ载波相位技术可进行近厘米精度定位。本文介绍一种基于运动的解整周模糊的算法，适用于可见ＧＰＳ卫星较少的场合。     

热流测量系统概述

我们自行设计和研制的热流标准系统共分三个部分:即黑体辐射源(简称黑体炉),热流标准传递装置(简称平板炉),辐射热流计。本文首先对方案选择、技术指标、热流标准传递程序、工作原理等做一概括地叙述,其他几个部分将分期陆续介绍。     

Chaotic exchange of solid material between planetary systems: implications for lithopanspermia

Abstract We examined a low-energy mechanism for the transfer of meteoroids between two planetary systems embedded in a star cluster using quasi-parabolic orbits of minimal energy. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the exchange of meteoroids could have been significantly more efficient than previously estimated. Our study is relevant to astrobiology, as it addresses whether life on Earth could have been transferred to other planetary systems in the Solar System's birth cluster and whether life on Earth could have been transferred from beyond the Solar System. In the Solar System, the timescale over which solid material was delivered to the region from where it could be transferred via this mechanism likely extended to several hundred million years (as indicated by the 3.8-4.0?Ga epoch of the Late Heavy Bombardment). This timescale could have overlapped with the lifetime of the Solar birth cluster (～100-500?Myr). Therefore, we conclude that lithopanspermia is an open possibility if life had an early start. Adopting parameters from the minimum mass solar nebula, considering a range of planetesimal size distributions derived from observations of asteroids and Kuiper Belt objects and theoretical coagulation models, and taking into account Oort Cloud formation models, we discerned that the expected number of bodies with mass>10?kg that could have been transferred between the Sun and its nearest cluster neighbor could be of the order of 10(14) to 3·10(16), with transfer timescales of tens of millions of years. We estimate that of the order of 3·10(8)·l (km) could potentially be life-bearing, where l is the depth of Earth's crust in kilometers that was ejected as the result of the early bombardment. Key Words: Extrasolar planets-Interplanetary dust-Interstellar meteorites-Lithopanspermia. Astrobiology 12, 754-774.