具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰的数值模拟

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和B/L代数湍流模型计算了具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰流场。计算与实验结果的比较表明,本文方法可较准确地预测激波结构、激波与附面层干扰区流动基本特征及波后流动分离状态、激波位置、波前马赫数等参数。      

21世纪士兵的新装备——微型无人飞行器

由于高能量储备和微型精确飞行控制技术的突破性进展,一种供士兵用的比鸟还小的微型侦察无人机已被列入美国国防研制计划     

钝尾物体底部压力计算

 提出了一种简便可靠的计算钝尾物体表面压力分布及底部压力的方法。将钝尾物体绕流流场分为无粘区、边界层区和分离区。无粘区和边界层区分别用位流理论和边界层理论计算。分离区由根据尾流函数等建立的替代模型模拟。利用奇点法解出整个模型的压力分布。计算釆用迭代法进行。对Vanwagenen模型和鲁尔大学模型进行了计算,结果表明该方法是成功的。     

一种新型多普勒噪声抑制技术对BepiColombo任务无线电科学实验的性能提升

在欧洲空间局和日本宇宙开发机构联合开展的BepiColombo水星任务中,将开展水星轨道器无线电科学实验,包括估计水星的引力场及其旋转状态,并对广义相对论进行验证。目前地面系统和星上设备的主流配置可以在无线电科学实验中建立X/X、X/Ka和Ka/Ka多个频段的链路,测速精度可达3 um/s（1 000 s积分）,测距精度为20 cm。提出了基于时延机械噪声对消技术提高无线电科学实验性能的方案。时延机械噪声对消技术需要处理在两个测站不同时刻的测量数据,一个测站实施双向多普勒测距,对另一个单收测站的要求较为严格,该测站需要具有较好的对流层条件。这种方法能够显著降低Ka频段双向链路的主要测量噪声,包括由对流层和天线机械系统震动引起的噪声。我们给出了端到端的仿真性能,并估计了在使用时延机械噪声对消技术前提下的水星引力场和旋转状态。考虑使用NASA位于美国本土戈尔德斯敦的DSS-25天线或欧空局位于阿根廷马拉圭的DSA-3天线作为双程测量站,并考虑使用位于智力的APEX天文观测天线作为单收站。分析结果表明在最好的噪声条件下,使用DSA-3天线作为双程测量站时,时延机械噪声对消技术可将待估计的全局和局部参数的估计精度提升一倍。对于无线电科学实验的目标,这一可能的性能提升对行星地质物理学很有意义,它将有益于研究水星内部的结构。     

五轴连续纤维3D打印机及其数控系统开发

为了解决传统三轴连续纤维3D打印复杂轨迹精确成型困难的问题,设计搭建了五轴连续纤维3D打印机,该3D打印机具有5个联动轴(XYZBC)以及1个树脂螺杆挤出装置辅助轴.针对典型的3D打印控制方案存在可联动轴数少、可扩展性差、实时性差等问题,对全软件型开放式数控系统进行了研究,并将其应用于连续纤维增材制造领域.基于开源数控...     

特种加工技术在某新型微叠层复合材料中的应用

目前航空航天领域采用的微叠层复合材料主要集中在Fe、Ni、Ti和Al的合金或金属间化合物上。这类金属的金属间化合物具有熔点高、密度低、热导率好及抗高温性能好等优点,可被用作航空飞行器或航空发动机的高温结构材料。但是这类金属间化合物具有其本征脆性,导致其室温下的断裂韧性很差,因而应用受到限制。为解决这一问题,采用特种加工技术制备出具备微叠层结构的金属/金属间化合物复合材料是理想的手段之一。     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

基于可靠性分析的最优冗余配置数量确定方法

针对基于传感器级冗余的捷联惯性导航系统中陀螺仪的冗余配置问题,设计了一种确定最优冗余配置陀螺仪数量的方法,综合考虑了系统的可靠性和成本代价.在各陀螺仪故障的发生为相互独立的前提下,以可靠性函数为工具,提出了确定最优冗余配置数量的性能指标.以该性能指标为依据,分析了斜置冗余配置的陀螺仪数量改变时该指标值的变化情况.结果表明:确定最优冗余配置数量的性能指标的值最大时,所对应的最优斜置冗余配置陀螺仪数量为6.     

Setting a standard: the limulus amebocyte lysate assay and the assessment of microbial contamination on spacecraft surfaces

Historically, colony-forming units as determined by plate cultures have been the standard unit for microbiological analysis of environmental samples, medical diagnostics, and products for human use. However, the time and materials required make plate cultures expensive and potentially hazardous in the closed environments of future NASA missions aboard the International Space Station and missions to other Solar System targets. The Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay is an established method for ensuring the sterility and cleanliness of samples in the meat-packing and pharmaceutical industries. Each of these industries has verified numerical requirements for the correct interpretation of results from this assay. The LAL assay is a rapid, point-of-use, verified assay that has already been approved by NASA Planetary Protection as an alternate, molecular method for the examination of outbound spacecraft. We hypothesize that standards for molecular techniques, similar to those used by the pharmaceutical and meat-packing industries, need to be set by space agencies to ensure accurate data interpretation and subsequent decision making. In support of this idea, we present research that has been conducted to relate the LAL assay to plate cultures, and we recommend values obtained from these investigations that could assist in interpretation and analysis of data obtained from the LAL assay.     

Detecting tree-like multicellular life on extrasolar planets

Over the next two decades, NASA and ESA are planning a series of space-based observatories to find Earth-like planets and determine whether life exists on these planets. Previous studies have assessed the likelihood of detecting life through signs of biogenic gases in the atmosphere or a red edge. Biogenic gases and the red edge could be signs of either single-celled or multicellular life. In this study, we propose a technique with which to determine whether tree-like multicellular life exists on extrasolar planets. For multicellular photosynthetic organisms on Earth, competition for light and the need to transport water and nutrients has led to a tree-like body plan characterized by hierarchical branching networks. This design results in a distinct bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) that causes differing reflectance at different sun/view geometries. BRDF arises from the changing visibility of the shadows cast by objects, and the presence of tree-like structures is clearly distinguishable from flat ground with the same reflectance spectrum. We examined whether the BRDF could detect the existence of tree-like structures on an extrasolar planet by using changes in planetary albedo as a planet orbits its star. We used a semi-empirical BRDF model to simulate vegetation reflectance at different planetary phase angles and both simulated and real cloud cover to calculate disk and rotation-averaged planetary albedo for a vegetated and non-vegetated planet with abundant liquid water. We found that even if the entire planetary albedo were rendered to a single pixel, the rate of increase of albedo as a planet approaches full illumination would be comparatively greater on a vegetated planet than on a non-vegetated planet. Depending on how accurately planetary cloud cover can be resolved and the capabilities of the coronagraph to resolve exoplanets, this technique could theoretically detect tree-like multicellular life on exoplanets in 50 stellar systems.