Remote assistance experiment during the manned space flight Altair

This remote assistance trial, performed within the framework of the manned space flight Altaïr, was carried out by CADMOS (CNES), with the cooperation of the Sub-directorate of CNES Operational Systems, Medes, LBM of Tours and Christol Consultants. It consisted of supplying the cosmonaut performing the Orthostatism experiment (echograph acquisition) on board the Mir station with realtime assistance by an expert (LBM of Tours) working from the ground on the CADMOS premises. The various steps of the approach followed during the preparation phase are described, as well as the technical means of communication used between the Mir station and CADMOS.     

前苏联运载火箭计划

前苏联第一代运载火箭是在洲际弹道导弹 R7上改进的,该导弹于1957年8月22日首次发射成功(图1)。有效载荷为3吨的火箭研制,开始于五十年代初,到1953年底,对提议的 REP 方案进行了审查,将有效载荷增加到5.5～6.0吨。在 R7火箭基础上,研制了一个带有空间试验卫星的运载火箭。     

遥测系统传输精度的测定

文章通过对遥测系统误差因素的分析，提出了几种测定遥测系统传输精度的方法，重点介绍以单片机为基础的遥测信号发生器的设计，提出了一种相应的数据处理方法──区间数据处理法．遥测信号发生器体积小、通用性强、适应性广、使用灵活，适用于遥测设备研制出厂检验、靶场验收和执行任务时的误差分析和精度检验．     

腐蚀对sic/Al(L2)和sic/Al-Ni复合丝力学性能的影响~①

本文对SiC/Al(L2)和SiC/A1-Ni复合丝在蒸馏水和在3.5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。通过测试腐蚀前后复合丝的抗拉强度,利用气相色谱、发射光谱、X射线衍射等手段分析腐蚀气体和腐蚀产物,观察金相和扫描电镜下形貌的变化,发现SiC/A1复合丝在室温蒸馏水中36天、50℃和75℃蒸馏水中各15天浸泡后,其抗拉强度基本保持不变,说明该类复合材料对潮湿环境具有良好的耐腐蚀性能;SiC/A1-Ni复合丝在3.5％NaC1溶液中浸泡后,其抗拉强度随溶液温度升高和时闻延长而逐渐下降;其腐蚀主要是选择性腐蚀,其次是孔蚀和缝隙蚀。     

Main medical results of extended flights on space station Mir in 1986-1990

During 1986-1990 seven prime spacecrews (16 cosmonauts) have flown on-board the Mir orbital complex. The longest space mission duration was 366 days The principal objectives of the medical tasks were the maintenance of good health and performance of the spacecrews and conducting medical research programs which included study of the cardiovascular, motor, endocrine, blood, immune, and metabolic systems. Results obtained point to the ability of humans to readily adapt to a year-long stay in space and maintain good health and performance. Readaptation had a similar course as after other previous long-term space flights of up to 8 months in duration. Primary body system changes were not qualitatively different from findings after flights aboard the Salyut 6 and 7 space stations. In this case, during and after an 11-12 month flight, body system alterations were even less severe which was a result of adequate countermeasure use, their systematic and creative employment and maintenance of required environments to support life and work in space.     

按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统

本文提出了一个按降低轨迹灵敏度综合最优设计飞行控制系统的方法。它能使系统具有满意的动态品质,同时对系统参数的变化及非线性产生的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。该设计方法具有通用性和程序化,系统实现简单。     

地球同步自旋稳定卫星的姿态确定方法及其微机实现

本文系作者根据航天部中国空间技术研究院和意大利国家研究委员会联合研究“卫星飞行动力学系统”课题的协议与意大利有关专家共同在微机上完成的自旋稳定地球同步卫星姿态确定的研究工作。文中提出了适用于不同轨道几何条件的六种确定性姿态确定模型。首先用批量最小二乘法统计确定卫星姿态,估计出系统误差,然后从实际量测中消去所估计出的系统误差,最后用修正过的数据按确定性姿态确定方法定出卫星姿态。文中给出了姿态确定方法的微机实现程序。仿真结果证明,本方法与大型机IBM 3081上取得的结果完全相同。     

磁场内的焊接

据苏刊报道,目前苏联航空修理厂正在广泛采用磁场内的焊接新技术。这种新技术可以避免一般氩弧焊的某些缺点。印制电路板技术的发展也不过是五十年的历史。1940年前后英国Eisler开始研究腐箔法技术,直到第二次世界大战后,才有较多的应用。同时美国人广泛研究了印制电路制造工艺,直到覆铜箔纸胶板技术解决后,才得到应用。日本在1947年到1956年从国外引进了印制电路     

固体火箭喷焰附加相位噪声测量

从工程应用角度出发,简要说明固体火箭喷焰附加相位噪声对半主动寻的制导系统的重要性.介绍一种可对喷焰相位噪声进行实时测量的试验方案,并给出几种不同推进剂配方的喷焰相位噪声测试数据及分析.