2007年世界航天运载业分析

概况 2007年全球共进行了68次航天发射,其中有23次商业性发射,占总发射次数的39%.全年的航天发射次数比2006年多2次,增长约3%.     

调速在空中交通管制中的应用

一、速度的相关概念 地速（GS）指航空器相当于地面运动的水平速度,即单位时间里所飞过的地面水平距离。表速（IAS）又称为仪表空速,是仪表空速表根据在海平面标准大气条件下,相对气流流速与动压之间的关系所测定的空速,它存在着机械误差、空气动力误差、空气压缩性误差和密度误差等,表速经过以上多种误差修正后,得到真空速。由于多种因素的影响,地速和表速通常差异很大,特别是在高空。     

钛合金薄壁复杂构件精密成形技术现状及发展

随着我国航空工业的发展,钛合金构件大型化、整体化是必然趋势,大型钛合金薄壁复杂构件的整体精密成形技术是必须解决的重大技术关键。在过去的几年内,先进的设备、加工过程的控制和数值模拟的应用使得航空航天用的钛合金薄壁复杂构件整体精密成形有了一定的发展。     

综合飞行器故障预测与健康管理系统研究

介绍了所设计的综合飞行器故障预测与健康管理系统的体系结构,阐述了其功能组成模块和关键技术。故障预测与健康管理技术和综合飞行器健康管理(IVHM)技术是近年来飞行器     

载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人运动学特性研究

针对载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人的运动学问题,引入具有非完整特性的载体 姿态无扰约束方程,推导了载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人广义雅可比矩阵。采用等效 杆的概念,分析了普通状态的自由漂浮空间机器人和载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人可 达工作空间;基于载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人广义雅可比矩阵所得到的奇异方程, 研究了载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人动力学奇异性。仿真结果验证了普通状态的自由 漂浮空间机器人与载体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人运动学问题的差异性。研究结果为载 体姿态无扰的自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划及控制研究奠定了理论基础。
     

基于全零点FIR前向滤波网络的超分辨成像方法研究

距离多普勒成像的距离分辨率和横向分辨率,分别取决于发射信号的有效带宽和目标相对于雷达在相干积累时间内的转角。采用的方法可以突破上述的限制,其方法是采用全零点FIR 前向滤波网络,在成像处理前进行线性预测滤波,仿真结果表明,这是一种改善距离多普勒成像雷达分辨率的有效方法。     

利用频谱仪实现多信号测向

随着通信技术的发展,无线电信号之间的干扰越来越严重,无线电信号的测向技术在无线电监测系统中的地位也越来越重要。本文针对目前无线电测向系统的不足,对比较常用的需要硬件支持最少的测向方法———最大信号法进行了改进,设计了一套适用于便携式测向系统使用的测向方法,借助频谱仪实现了多信号的测向,使得测向的频谱范围、随机信号捕获和测向精度得以很大的改进。系统能够对30MHz~18GHz范围内的任意一段频谱进行测向,可以获取测试频段内任意15个典型信号的频点及其方位角和俯仰角信息,测向的最大误差为2°。     

The Physical Foundation of Forecasting Disturbances in the Geospace From Solar Disk Characteristics

The five main types of antisunward propagating energetic fluxes (particles and emission) may be thought of as well established to date, the effects of which lead to a particilar character of disturbance in the near-terrestrial environment (the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere). The strongest global restructuring of the magnetosphere and ionosphere is caused by fluxes of relatively dense n of 1-70 cm-3 at the Earth's orbit) Solar Wind (SW) quasi-neutral, low-energy (E ＜ 10 keV) plasma which cause magnetospheric and ionospheric storms lasting 24 hours or longer. For that reason, main attention is given to their study at the initial stage of research. The physical essence of the method of predicting disturbances in the near-terrestrial space environment, the amplitude of which can be expressed in, for example, the Kp index units, involves:(1) identifying all the most geo-effective SW streams of type, (2) determing their sources on the solar disk,and (3) quantifying the correlations between the characteristics of their solar sources with a maximum value of the Kp-index that is caused by the concerned type of SW stream. Semi-phenomenological relations have been obtained, which relate parameters of type SW stream sources to characteristics of geomagnetic storms:storm commencement, the time at which the storm intensity reaches its maximum values, the storm duration,as well as to the storm amplitude expressed in terms of geomagnetic indeces.      

Study of the Enhancement Events of Relativistic Electron at the Geosynchronous Orbit

The high flux of energetic electron on geostationary orbit can induce many kinds of malfunction of the satellite there, within which the bulk-charging is the most significant that several broadcast satellite failures were confirmed to be due to this effect. The electron flux on geostationary orbit varies in a large range even up to three orders accompanied the passage of interplanetary magnetic cloud and the following geomagnetic disturbances. Upon the investigation of electron flux enhancement events, two types of events were partitioned as recurrent events and random ones. Both of the two kinds of events relate to the interplanetary conditions such as solar wind parameters, IMF etc and their evolution characters as well. As for the recurrent events, we found that, (1) all of the events exhibits periodic recurrence about 27 days, (2) significant increase of electron flux relates to interplanetary index and characters of their distribution, (3) the electron flux also has relation to solar activity index. An artificial neural network was constructed to estimate the flux I day ahead. The random electron flux enhancement events are rare and present different distribution figures to the recurrent ones. The figure of the random events and the conditions of their occurrence is also discussed in this paper.      

赤道地区和中纬度地区扩展F的特点和比较

通过数值模拟研究了赤道地区和中纬度地区扩展F的触发机制间的联系,发现相同的触发机制在不同纬度的条件下所演化出的结构形态不相同,因此观测上会有所不同;研究了西向电场在赤道地区的作用,发现在适合的电离层参数组合下会产生观测到的电离层F区顶部扰动出现率高于底部扰动出现率的状况;在数值模拟的基础上提出了一个中纬度地区电波散射的模型,用以解释观测到的中纬度地区电波散射的出现率高于线性理论预期的现象.