Investigation on plume interference effect of solid propellant micro-thruster

The three-dimensional numerical simulation of two-phase plume flow of solid propellant micro-thrusters was developed. Then it was used to investigate the plume interference effect by combining the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for multi-component gas flow with the two-way coupling model for two-phase rarefied flow. At different space between the two micro-thrusters and different wall temperature,the plume interference effect was analyzed specifically. The results show that under the plume interference effect the gas is compressed and the flow direction is changed,which resulted in the increasing of gas pressure and temperature; solid phase made no significant effect on the flow parameters of gas phase; with the rising of the space between the two micro-thrusters,the maximum pressure decreased and the maximum temperature increased in the domain under the plume interference effect; the wall temperature could influence the temperature of the gas which is extremely close to the wall,but not the gas pressure.      

低空开放对空管的影响及对策分析

由于国情的特殊性,作为通用航空主要活动范围的低空空域一直都受到严格的管制,因此通用航空一直以来都是我国民航事业发展的薄弱环节。2010年中国民航局启动的低空空域改革,将给我国通用航空带来巨大机遇。与此同时,通用航空的发展会给我国的空管带来一些新的影响和冲击。文章通过对低空开放实施规划的分析,对通用航空事业发展前景及其给空管带来的影响进行了分析;通过对比美国空管为应对通用航空大发展所采取的相关措施,就我国空管系统如何应对影响提出了相应建议。     

两种亚网格燃烧模型的旋流扩散燃烧大涡模拟

用二阶矩亚网格（SOM—SGS）燃烧模型和文献中的涡旋破碎亚网格（EBU—SGS）燃烧模型，对甲烷一空气旋流扩散燃烧进行了大涡模拟，将二者得到的LES统计平均温度分布和实验结果以及用二阶矩燃烧模型的统观模拟（RANS—SOM）结果比较，表明LES—SOM和RANS—SOM的模拟结果都和实验符合较好，而LES—EBU的模拟结果和实验不符合，在不同区域内高估或者低估了燃烧温度。其原因是由于EBU模型不能有效地考虑有限反应动力学的作用。LES—SOM模拟的瞬态结果显示了旋流扩散火焰的湍流大涡结构不同于射流火焰的特点。     

Effect of Water Absorption on the Impact Properties of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites

In this paper, the effects of test temperatures and time on the impact damage behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites, immersed in pure water, on a pendulum impact tester, was studied. The results show that immersion in liquids has a significant effect on the impact resistance of the unidirectional composite material. It is obvious that after immersion, the mass of the material increases. The fracture initiation forces as well as the fracture initiation energy decrease as the immersion time lengthens. Moreover, the higher the temperature and the longer the time are, the more the crack propagation energy and the ductility index will be. Immersion makes the fracture mode change from the dominant fiber fracture into dominant delamination. All in all, immersion decreases the impact resistance of the composites and causes the fracture mode to change.     

Influences of Mechanical Vibration on Rapidly Solidified Al_2O_3/YSZ Ceramics Prepared by Combustion Synthesis

Al2O3/YSZ composite ceramics was fabricated with combustion synthesis technology, and the influences of mechanical vibration on its microstructures and properties were investigated. It is found that under the mechanical vibration of ever-increasing frequency, increasing combustion temperature, accelerating ceramics/metal liquid-liquid separation and quickening ceramic solidification could not only reduce the average diameter and the size distribution of aligned ZrO2 nano-micron fibers in rod-shaped Al2O3 matrix grains, but also make the randomly-oriented rod-shaped grains finer and increase their aspect ratios. As a result, a remarkable increase in flexural strength and fracture toughness of the ceramics can be observed.     

Effect of Sintering Conditions on Structure of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Powders

The structures of the Mn-Zn ferrites synthesized under different sintering conditions by the sol-gel method were investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with focus on two factors: the pre-sintering treatment and the calcining time. The results show that the sintering conditions have significant effects on the structures and the particle size of the Mn-Zn ferrites. Compared with the products without pre-sintering, those pre-sintered at 500 ℃ have a single phase and no diffraction peaks of Fe2O3 that could be found. The effects of the pre-sintering temperature on the structures of the ferrites were also studied. As a result, 500 ℃ proves to be the favorite in the pre-sintering treatment. The XRD patterns of the ferrites calcined at 1 200 ℃ for 6 h will present diffraction peaks of pure crystallization of spinel phase while those for 2 h or 4 h will show peaks of Fe2O3. The SEM also bears witness to well-grown grains of pure Mn-Zn ferrites if calcined for 6 hours.     

A Novel Approach for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Ceramics

A new approach in combination of the effective medium theory with the equivalent unit in numerical simulation was developed to study the effective thermal conductivity of porous ceramics. The finite element method was used to simulate the heat transfer process which enables to acquire accurate results through highly complicated modeling and intensive computation. An alternative approach to mesh the material into small cells was also presented. The effective medium theory accounts for the effective thermal conductivity of cells while the equivalent unit is subsequently applied in numerical simulation to analyze the effective thermal conductivity of the porous ceramics. A new expression for the effective thermal conductivity, allowing for some structure factors such as volume fraction of pores and thermal conductivity, was put forward, and the results of its application was proved to be close to those of the mathematical simulation.     

通过损失系数实验值确定堵塞系数的方法

现有设计体系中损失系数主要是由实验和经验来确定。通流气动设计则需计入叶片槽道内的边界层及局部分离区的堵塞效应,反映边界层和局部分离区的堵塞影响的堵塞系数也是依经验给定。本文对多台风扇设计进行分析后,发现现有设计体系中损失系数和堵塞系数之间彼此孤立且在数值上不协调,而事实上,两者是紧密相关的,体现在物理上就是损失和开式分离流之间的关系。本文在分析现有设计体系模型的基础上,提出了一个工程模型,试图把两者关联起来,通过损失系数的实验值确定堵塞系数的值。     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.