火箭方程的“暴政”

“暴政”这个词语有时被用来形容君主的统治,也有时被人用来形容大自然的魔力。大自然的规律有些是我们无法控制的,就好比一个封建帝王一样,对于他的旨意,我们只能遵守,抗拒则死。因此,规律就代表了人类对这些无法控制的力量的理性认识。在人类试图制造出机械,让人类挣脱地球的束缚,走向太空的时候,亦是如此。如果我们想进入太阳系,我们也必须认识到这些规律,并想出办法来利用规律。     

Astrobiology through the ages of Mars: the study of terrestrial analogues to understand the habitability of Mars

Mars has undergone three main climatic stages throughout its geological history, beginning with a water-rich epoch, followed by a cold and semi-arid era, and transitioning into present-day arid and very cold desert conditions. These global climatic eras also represent three different stages of planetary habitability: an early, potentially habitable stage when the basic requisites for life as we know it were present (liquid water and energy); an intermediate extreme stage, when liquid solutions became scarce or very challenging for life; and the most recent stage during which conditions on the surface have been largely uninhabitable, except perhaps in some isolated niches. Our understanding of the evolution of Mars is now sufficient to assign specific terrestrial environments to each of these periods. Through the study of Mars terrestrial analogues, we have assessed and constrained the habitability conditions for each of these stages, the geochemistry of the surface, and the likelihood for the preservation of organic and inorganic biosignatures. The study of these analog environments provides important information to better understand past and current mission results as well as to support the design and selection of instruments and the planning for future exploratory missions to Mars.     

An Event Horizon Imager(EHI) Mission Concept Utilizing Medium Earth Orbit Sub-mm Interferometry

Submillimeter interferometry has the potential to image supermassive black holes on event horizon scales, providing tests of the theory of general relativity and increasing our understanding of black hole accretion processes. The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) performs these observations from the ground, and its main imaging targets are Sagittarius A* in the Galactic Center and the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. However, the EHT is fundamentally limited in its performance by atmospheric effects and sparse terrestrial (u,v)-coverage (Fourier sampling of the image). The scientific interest in quantitative studies of the horizon size and shape of these black holes has motivated studies into using space interferometry which is free of these limitations. Angular resolution considerations and interstellar scattering effects push the desired observing frequency to bands above 500 GHz.
This paper presents the requirements for meeting these science goals, describes the concept of interferometry from Polar or Equatorial Medium Earth Orbits (PECMEO) which we dub the Event Horizon Imager (EHI), and utilizes suitable space technology heritage. In this concept, two or three satellites orbit at slightly different orbital radii, resulting in a dense and uniform spiral-shaped (u,v)-coverage over time. The local oscillator signals are shared via an inter-satellite link, and the data streams are correlated on-board before final processing on the ground. Inter-satellite metrology and satellite positioning are extensively employed to facilitate the knowledge of the instrument position vector, and its time derivative. The European space heritage usable for both the front ends and the antenna technology of such an instrument is investigated. Current and future sensors for the required inter-satellite metrology are listed. Intended performance estimates and simulation results are given.      

基于图像的测量方法在工业风洞跨声速流测量中的最新进展

风洞中非定常复杂流场的实验研究要求先进的测量技术.基于图像的测量技术中最重要的是测量平面流速度场、平面压强分布、模型位置和变形、模型温度以及定量的高速流可视化等技术.DLR(德国宇航研究院)对这些技术的应用包括从低速流到跨声速流、从增升装置到螺旋桨和旋翼、从弹射装置和水塔储水罐尾迹流旋涡到三角翼上涡破裂现象等的研究.由于跨声速风洞的特殊环境,将基于图像的测量技术用于跨声速流要求专门的技术开发和有经验的科学家.给出了DLR空气动力学和流动技术研究所将基于图像的测量技术应用于跨声速流研究的最新进展.     

“双子座4”号，永远的悬案

1965年6月3日．新晋宇航员詹姆斯·马科迪威特和安迪-怀特从肯尼迪航天中心搭乘“双子座4”号进入太空．将按照既定轨道在太空旅行4天。     

无人在场时，颜色存在吗？

自20世纪30年代量子物理的意义首次被提出以来。就不断引发争论。时至今日，我们对这个问题的理解并没有比以前进步多少。在过去几十年里。据说“万物理论”与我们只有一步之遥，弦论却使得这一步难以跨越：纠缠于其涉及的抽象数学问题，其中包含着未被证明以及不能证明的一些论断。     

早期的恐龙可能长有羽毛

研究人员认为。鸟类由恐龙进化而来，但恐龙从什么时间开始变成鸟的呢？在俄罗斯西伯利亚进行的挖掘活动中，研究人员有了新发现．证明恐龙可能在其存在的非常早期的阶段，即2．4亿年前，便长有羽毛。化石记录清楚地表明，鸟类的祖先就是恐龙的一种。鸟类在大约6600万年前从可能由一个巨大的小行星撞击地球导致的大灭绝中幸存了下来。     

即将步入所谓的混乱时代——不明飞行物报告（四）

第二次世界大战结束以后，人们发现德国在以前就已经开展了一些先进的飞行设备与制导导弹的研发工作。虽然这些项目大部分尚处于初级阶段，但它们依然是特定时期唯一类似于U10事件目击者所观测到的飞行物的飞行设备。     

简单大脑的自我意识

你可能正通过计算机、智能手机或其他电子设备阅读这篇文章，并且查阅天气情况或邮件信息。这些电子设备就像人脑中相互关联的细胞一样，也有“大脑”——精密的电路——用以储存信息，并按照具体的、可知的方式运行。尽管电路和人脑中的神经元在最基本的层面上都是由原子和基础粒子构成的，但人脑具有自我意识，人造的存储设备却无法感知自身的存在。