星30/CE和星37FM——改进性能的顶级固体火箭发动机

本文介绍了星30C、30E和37FM三种火箭发动机的设计结构,给出了各种分析结果,并报导了鉴定试验的累积数据。     

The Suess-Urey mission (return of solar matter to Earth)

The Suess-Urey (S-U) mission has been proposed as a NASA Discovery mission to return samples of matter from the Sun to the Earth for isotopic and chemical analyses in terrestrial laboratories to provide a major improvement in our knowledge of the average chemical and isotopic composition of the solar system. The S-U spacecraft and sample return capsule will be placed in a halo orbit around the L1 Sun-Earth libration point for two years to collect solar wind ions which implant into large passive collectors made of ultra-pure materials. Constant Spacecraft-Sun-Earth geometries enable simple spin stabilized attitude control, simple passive thermal control, and a fixed medium gain antenna. Low data requirements and the safety of a Sun-pointed spinner, result in extremely low mission operations costs.     

用于EOS直播卫星数据采集和处理的低成本可搬运地面站

作为全球变化研究的全国统一行动的一部分，地球观测系统（ＥＯＳ）将在１５年时间内发射一个遥感卫星星座。来自ＥＯＳ卫星的科学数据将由ＮＡＳＡ研究机构加以处理，再分发给大量地球科学家。许多这样的卫星还备有另外的接口，能直接向用户播发数据。从过境卫星实时直接播发科学数据有不少有价值的用途：现场测量结果的检验，规划科学会战以及用于科学和工程教育。ＥＯＳ直接的成功与实用价值在程度上取决于最终用户接收该数据所花     

大厚度铝合金飞行器结构的焊接

介绍了采用熔化极脉冲氦弧焊工艺焊接大厚度铝合金燃料箱的优越性。     

未来的固定翼技术

在美国国防部新技术综合发展方案中,固定翼飞行器技术的发展几乎和旋翼飞行器的技术发展是同步进行的,只是在某些不同的领域,分别起着不同的带头作用。很显然,这两种飞行器的技术发展方案同时也受益于其他一些领域的技术发展。这两种飞行器技术协调发展的本身也是一个综合和并行发展的过程。目前,美国已为固定翼飞机制定了     

四川振动座谈会在绵阳召开

四川省力学学会、西南结构力学研究所、四川省振动工程学会(筹)于1987年11月4日至7日在绵阳市联合召开了“四川省振动工程学术交流座谈会”。出席代表86人,他们来自中央部属(在川)、省、市20多单位。代表都是在力学、数学、机械、航空、核工程、电子、冶金、化工、电力、建筑、石油、地震等各领域从事振动工程、研究、教学、应用的     

HBM测量系统在航空航天中的应用

RUAG公司用HBM测量系统进行飞机全尺寸疲劳试验瑞士RUAG公司的研究人员对瑞士版F/A-18战斗机的加强结构进行了大规模的综合试验研究,以验证飞机结构是否能满足较高的要求,达到所需的5000个飞行小时的工作寿命。     

Is the presence of oxygen on an exoplanet a reliable biosignature?

We revisit the validity of the presence of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a rocky planet as being a biosignature. Up to now, the false positive that has been identified applies to a planet during a hot greenhouse runaway, which is restricted to planets outside the habitable zone (HZ) of the star that are closer to the star. In this paper, we explore a new possibility based on abiotic photogeneration of O(2) at the surface of a planet that could occur inside the HZ. The search for such a process is an active field of laboratory investigation that has resulted from an ongoing interest in finding efficient systems with the capacity to harvest solar energy on Earth. Although such a process is energetically viable, we find it to be a very unlikely explanation for the observation of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a telluric exoplanet in the HZ. It requires an efficient photocatalyst to be present and abundant under natural planetary conditions, which appears unlikely according to our discussion of known mineral photochemical processes. In contrast, a biological system that synthesizes its constituents from abundant raw materials and energy has the inherent adaptation advantage to become widespread and dominant (Darwinist argument). Thus, O(2) appears to continue to be a good biosignature.     

Preservation of martian organic and environmental records: final report of the Mars biosignature working group

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) has an instrument package capable of making measurements of past and present environmental conditions. The data generated may tell us if Mars is, or ever was, able to support life. However, the knowledge of Mars' past history and the geological processes most likely to preserve a record of that history remain sparse and, in some instances, ambiguous. Physical, chemical, and geological processes relevant to biosignature preservation on Earth, especially under conditions early in its history when microbial life predominated, are also imperfectly known. Here, we present the report of a working group chartered by the Co-Chairs of NASA's MSL Project Science Group, John P. Grotzinger and Michael A. Meyer, to review and evaluate potential for biosignature formation and preservation on Mars. Orbital images confirm that layered rocks achieved kilometer-scale thicknesses in some regions of ancient Mars. Clearly, interplays of sedimentation and erosional processes govern present-day exposures, and our understanding of these processes is incomplete. MSL can document and evaluate patterns of stratigraphic development as well as the sources of layered materials and their subsequent diagenesis. It can also document other potential biosignature repositories such as hydrothermal environments. These capabilities offer an unprecedented opportunity to decipher key aspects of the environmental evolution of Mars' early surface and aspects of the diagenetic processes that have operated since that time. Considering the MSL instrument payload package, we identified the following classes of biosignatures as within the MSL detection window: organism morphologies (cells, body fossils, casts), biofabrics (including microbial mats), diagnostic organic molecules, isotopic signatures, evidence of biomineralization and bioalteration, spatial patterns in chemistry, and biogenic gases. Of these, biogenic organic molecules and biogenic atmospheric gases are considered the most definitive and most readily detectable by MSL.     

面对低成本竞争者的对策——得自美国空运业发展的启示

在一个又一个行业中，传统的市场领先者正受到低成本竞争者的冲击。举例来说，皮特-斯塔弗公司