环境试验数据和控制系统技术:过去、现在、将来

Michellich先生毕业于堪萨斯大学,获得博士学位。他1966年进入波音公司。他曾搞过土星V的仪表系统试验,S—IC级靜态点火数据处理,研究随机和瞬态数据处理程序、研究振动控制系统软件。现在他在波音航空工程实验室负责研制新的数据收集,试验控制和数据处理系统。     

Recent SETI observations at Arecibo

During 1980 and 1981, the 305-m radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico was used to conduct a high resolution search for narrowband signals from the direction of 210 nearby solar type stars and 5 OH masers. For each star at least 4 MHz of bandwidth surrounding the 21-cm HI line and/or the 18-cm OH lines was studied with a spectral resolution of 5.5 Hz in both right and left circular polarization. The formal limit of sensitivity achieved during the course of this search varied depending upon the particular receivers available. In all cases the search could have detected a narrowband transmitter of power comparable to the Arecibo planetary radar, had any such been transmitting on the frequencies searched during the time of observation out to the distance of the farthest target star. As in previous searches, the number of "false alarms" encountered was far greater than predicted on the basis of Gaussian noise statistics. A small number of stars have exhibited signals which cannot immediately be explained in terms of astrophysical or man-made sources and deserve reobservation. This is typical of the results of previous non-real-time searches and does not yet constitute the detection of an ETI.     

美四种运载火箭的发射成功率

侦察兵火箭自1960年7月首次试射以来,至1979年夏,已发射卫星,探测器和再入飞行器共100次,其中有14次失败,连续成功次数最高达37次。在研制阶段和初样阶段共发射23次,失败10次,成功率为56.6％。在再次鉴定阶段,发射14次,仅失败1次,成功率已达     

适用于检验石墨及碳/碳复合材料的改进射线照相法

本文叙述了空军材料实验室(AFML)在关于检测块状石墨及碳/碳复合材料微缺陷方面所进行的工作,提出了一些优良的射线照相法。用对比液体如四溴乙烷(TBE)浸泡,使影象质量及灵敏度有显著的改进,能分辩石墨中的微孔结构和微裂纹,并可提供较清晰的复合材料的编织型式。如果将试件埋置在已知射线照相均匀性和原子序数相近的材料中,当测定厚度有变化的部件(如鼻锥、喷管等)时,将有助于射线照相法。埋置方法使出现在相近厚度范围内的缺陷,具有更均匀的厚度。以便提高检测能力。摄影接触印相机与对比度大的感光乳剂配合在一起,可为检测微缺陷提供更多的信息。     

孔、轮廓和表面(十二) 第八章 座标磨削的原理和应用(一)

座标镗床,用于未淬火材料的孔加工是胜任、有效的,但对淬火材料的加工,却无能为力,这是一个急待解决的关键问题。鉴于需要一种能按尺寸进行精密定位和磨孔的手段,摩尔于1940年首先发明了座标磨床。座标磨床是利用座标镗床已有的直线位置控制原理,再加上行星磨削而形成的。由此引     

孔、轮廓和表面(四) 第三章 精度的基础(二)

丝杠或测微螺旋标准——人们希求有一种长度标准,既能用于无级微小增量分度,又能用于测量和位置控制。采用精密螺旋,是这种探索的自然结果。因为只有精密螺旋能够全部满足这种要求。它兼有静态和动态两种测量效     

高固体漆的应用

根据环保要求,航空用油漆正在逐渐由传统型转变成环保型。本文介绍了高固体漆在飞机上应用的现状以及存在的问题。     

用磁带机进行随机振动均衡的技术

1.引言在研究结构动力特性和其他物理性质时,人们发现各种振源在时间上是随机的,因此其效果不能用正弦激振来恰当地模拟。最近几年,人们对用以确定结构对随机振动的响应的试验仪器和方法进行了大量研究。这种研究特别困难,因为随机过程的性质很复杂,需要用比较精密的仪器来产生和分析随机振动。最大的困难在于需要对电磁激振器一试件系     

Cell-to-cell interactions in changed gravity: ground-based and flight experiments

Cell-to-cell interactions play an important role in all physiological processes and are mediated by humoral and mechanical factors. Mechanosensitive cells (e.g., osteocytes, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts) can be studied ex vivo to understand the effects of an altered gravity environment. In particular, cultured endothelial cells (EC) are very sensitive to a broad spectrum of mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Earlier, we demonstrated that clinorotation leads to cytoskeletal remodeling in cultured ECs. Long-term gravity vector changes also modulate the expression of surface adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, E-selectin, VCAM-1) on cultured ECs. To study the interactions of geterological cells, we cocultured endothelial monolayers and human lymphocytes, immune cells and myeloleucemic (K-560) cells. It was found that, although clinorotation did not alter the basal adhesion level of non-activated immune cells on endothelial monolayers, the adhesion of PMA-activated lymphocytes was increased. During flight experiments onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station, we measured the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells incubated with labeled target cells. It was found that immune cells in microgravity retained their ability to contact, recognize, and destroy oncogenic cells in vitro. Together, our data concerning the effects of simulated and real microgravity suggest that, despite changes in the cytoskeleton, cell motility, and expression of adhesion molecules, cell-cell interactions are not compromised, thus preserving the critical physiological functions of immune and endothelial cells.     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.