利用GPS射频多普勒确定低轨地球卫星的轨道

本文研究了使用这样一种GPS测量值——双差分GPS射频多普勒确定低轨地球卫星的轨道。该测量值很容易获得,而且不受时钟误差的影响,还可对用户卫星连续定轨。分析表明:使用18颗GPS卫星的星座和13个地面站,在两小时跟踪后,可使1300km高度用户星(TOPEX)的定轨精度达5cm。考察了使用少于13个地面站的影响,不同求解方法的影响以及引入虚假推力参数以减小重力模型误差(主要误差源之一)的影响。     

导电盒上单极天线的方向图

系统地研究安装于接地平面上的立方体导电盒顶面上的单极天线的方向图的确定方法.对单极天线位置和导电盒电尺寸的影响与在平直接地平面上测量得到的类似方向图作了比较.还将试验结果同用矩插入码方法得到的数字预测值进行了比较.     

关于MIL-A-859IE外挂物受载情况

推荐的军用规范MIL-A-8591E版《机载悬挂物及其悬挂装置的通用设计准则》一文中,就对外挂物结构设计的受载准则作了些更改。其中两个主要更改是:气动载荷准则和吊耳及臂状止动器反作用力的计算方法。 以前,外挂物上的气动载荷是由攻角与飞机性能有关的准则而规定的,且以现役的主要飞机为基础。在E版中,这些准则已经普通化且以方程式表示。准则的数值从特定的几何参数和性能参数计算出,这些参数能用以表示专用机种或一类飞机,又能按采购方要求表示保守设计。 吊耳及臂状止动器对外载荷反作用力的计算方法,在规范中作为附录,也已修改。为处理静不定的偏航力矩反作用力所必需的假设都根据实验室试验结果作了更改。这种新方法采用载荷分布因数,它是悬挂系统的函数,其数值已凭经验求得。     

Initial moments of adaptation to microgravity of human orientation behavior, in parabolic flight conditions

The first ethological studies of astronauts' adaptation to microgravity dealt with the behavioral strategies observed during short-term space missions. No attempts had however been made to consider the initial moments of adaptation dynamics, when the subject is first submitted to conditions allowing body orientations in the full three dimensions of space. The present experimental approach was both longitudinal and transversal. It consisted of analysing, during a goal-directed orientation task in parabolic flight, the orientation behavior of 12 subjects with a past experience of 0, 30 or more than 300 parabolas. During each microgravity phase, the subjects were asked to orientate their bodies and touch, with the dominant hand, four coloured targets arranged inside the aircraft.

Results showed that for inexperienced subjects, the time between two target contacts was longer than experienced subjects. They often failed to reach all targets in the series during the first parabolas. They showed right-left confusion and a preference for the “up-down” vertical body orientation. Their performance, described by the efficiency of orientation in all three dimensions, improved over time and according to the level of experience. The results are discussed for the spontaneous, preliminary and integrative stages of adaptation, emphasizing new relationships between the body references and those of the surroundings. Such experiences lead the subject to develop a new mental representation of space.     

普惠的CFM56-3部件的进展

航空发动机维修(MRO)是整个航空维修市场最大的成本支出,约占41%,而航材成本占发动机维修成本的83%.在劳动力成本只占发动机维修成本的17%的情况下,经营者和维修商都把注意力集中于如何减少部件和航材的成本支出上,结果必然导致增加PMA部件的使用. 今年4月在美国达拉斯召开的MRO 2007会议上,Mercer管理咨询公司称,航空公司正在使用更多的PMA部件以减少航材成本,维修商也在购买和研发PMA部件.     

飞机生存性

海湾战争表明军事作战规则已发生了重大变动。联合国的责任由和平维护者变成了积极的和平制造者，空中力量这些作战计划的重点，而飞机生存性则为重中之重。     

Ground-based simulations of cosmic ray heavy ion interactions in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials

This paper surveys some recent accelerator-based measurements of the nuclear fragmentation of high energy nuclei in shielding and tissue-equivalent materials. These data are needed to make accurate predictions of the radiation field produced at depth in spacecraft and planetary habitat shielding materials and in the human body by heavy charged particles in the galactic cosmic radiation. Projectile-target combinations include 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe incident on aluminum and graphite and 600 MeV/nucleon 56Fe and 290 MeV/nucleon 12C on polyethylene. We present examples of the dependence of fragmentation on material type and thickness, of a comparison between data and a fragmentation model, and of multiple fragments produced along the beam axis.     

Analysis of the pre-flight and post-flight calibration procedures performed on the Liulin space radiation dosimeter

Liulin, a dosimetry-radiometry system, was developed to satisfy the requirements for active flux and dose rate measurements for the flight of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut in 1988. The system consists of a compact battery-operated silicon solid state detector unit and a read/write microcomputer and telemetry unit. We describe the pre-flight calibrations with charged particles, using radioactive sources and accelerated 170 MeV/nucleon proton and alpha particles at the Dubna, Russia cyclotron. We discuss comparisons with data obtained on Mir with the French-built tissue equivalent LET spectrometer NAUSICAA. Lastly, we describe post-flight calibrations performed with 1 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions at the Brookhaven National Laboratory AGS accelerator, where the instrument was mounted in tandem with several thin position-sensitive silicon detectors behind a stopping target. The silicon detectors provided an energy spectrum for the surviving charged nuclear fragments for which the flux and absorbed dose were recorded by Liulin.     

洛克希德·马丁公司的新时代

预计到1998年春季,洛克希德·马丁公司完成其行政领导核心的更换后,其商业战略不会有显著的变化。 但公司计划将更加注重经营的精益求精,对通过合并和收购来扩大企业规模的做法将更加谨慎。按照公司的执行副总裁兼财务官马康斯C·贝内特所称,公司正步入一个新的时代。 今天,至少由17家独立的公司组成了现在的洛克希德·马丁集团。由此,必须对整个机构积极地进行合理化地调整——作为其直接的后果,这也意味着将进行相当数量的裁员。现在,这一重建过程看起来已基本完成了。 贝内特在199O年初促进和实施与马丁·玛丽埃塔的合并战     

高空长续航力传感器平台的大面积气动控制

文章对大面积气动控制方案在高空长续航力（HALE）传感器平台上的应用进行了研究。主要集中在联合翼飞行器上。这种飞行器具有主流高空长续航力飞行器所具有的两个典型的性能缺陷。第一个是由于这种布局产生的很大的转动阻尼导致在着陆时的最小的转动速率。它显示多点分布的控制面有助于满足转动速率要求。第二个是起飞总重对于最大升阻比的敏感性。设想的任务需求推动燃料比例达到一个很高的水平，升阻比小幅变化导致燃油需求减少进而大幅减少飞行器重量。这表明用于满足转动需求的技术也可以用于主动控制巡航中的扭转和弯度，并对飞行器的重量和续航力有适度的影响。