战术导弹强度与环境技术交流会在柳州召开

由航天工业部科学技术委员会委托航天工业部第三研究院第三设计部主持召开的战术导弹强度与环境技术交流会于1982年10月30日至11月3日在广西柳州举行。来自各有关设计、制造、试验、研究与教学各方面近30个单位的90余位代表参加了会议,他们向会议提出了近80篇技术报告。会间,哈尔滨工业大学副校长黄文虎教授作了题为“结构动力学发展中的几个问题”的报告,王锋教授作了题为“断裂力学在飞航式导弹上的应用”的报告,中国科学院力学研究     

Neutral buoyancy and sleep-deprived serum factors alter expression of cytokines regulating osteogenesis

We examined expression of genes associated with cytokine production, and genes implicated in regulating bone metabolism, in bone stromal and osteoblast cells incubated under standard ground conditions and under conditions of neutral buoyancy, and in the presence/absence of serum from normal or sleep-deprived mice. We observed a clear interaction between these two conditions (exposure to neutral buoyancy and serum stimulation) in promoting enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Both conditions independently altered expression of a number of cytokines implicated in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, using stromal cells from IL-1 and TNFx cytokine(r) KO mice, we concluded that the increased bone loss under microgravity conditions was not primarily cytokine mediated.     

Vanguard--a European robotic astrobiology-focussed Mars sub-surface mission proposal

We present a new European Mars mission proposal to build on the UK-led Beagle2 Mars mission and continue its astrobiology-focussed investigation of Mars. The small surface element to be delivered to the Martian surface--Vanguard--is designed to be carried by a Mars Express-type spacecraft bus to Mars and adopts a similar entry, descent and landing system as Beagle2. The surface element comprises a triad of robotic devices--a lander, a micro-rover of the Sojourner class for surface mobility, and three ground-penetrating moles mounted onto the rover for sub-surface penetration to 5 m depth. The major onboard instruments on the rover include a Raman spectrometer/imager, a laser plasma spectrometer, an infrared spectrometer--these laser instruments provide the basis for in situ "remote" sensing of the sub-surface Martian environment within a powerful scientific package. The moles carry the instruments' sensor head array to the sub-surface. The moles are thus required to undergo a one-way trip down the boreholes without the need for recovery of moles or samples, eliminating much of the robotic complexity invoked by such operations.     

Social desirability bias in personality testing: implications for astronaut selection

The assessment of personality is recognized by space agencies as an approach to identify candidates likely to perform optimally during spaceflights. In the use of personality scales for selection, the impact of social desirability (SD) has been cited as a concern. Study 1 addressed the impact of SD on responses to the Personality Characteristic Inventory(PCI) and NEO-FFI. This was achieved by contrasting scores from active astronauts (N=65) with scores of successful astronaut applicants (N=63), and between pilots applicants (N=1271) and pilot research subjects (N=120). Secondly, personality scores were correlated with scores on the Marlow Crown Social Desirability Scale among applicants to managerial positions (N=120). The results indicated that SD inflated scores on PCI scales assessing negative interpersonal characteristics, and impacted on four of five scales in NEO-FFI. Still, the effect sizes were small or moderate. Study 2 addressed performance implications of SD during an assessment of males applying to work as rescue personnel operations in the North Sea (N=22). The results showed that SD correlated negatively with cognitive test performance, and positively with discrepancy in performance ratings between self and two observers. In conclusion, caution is needed in interpreting personality scores in applicant populations. SD maybe a negative predictor for performance under stress.     

DSP:太空观察哨

美国最早的一批侦察卫星属于国防支持计划(DSP)系列,也是目前卫星清单中最老的系列,它们曾经检测到一些不明飞行物.拥有并操纵这批卫星的美国空军一直把这些不明飞行物归纳为“有效的红外光源”,并签定了若干合同来深入研究这种现象.究竟有没有确切的资料来证实上面的说法呢?我认为是有的.在几位天体物理学家的帮助下,我用在大学学过的高等物理学和高等数学进行了一     

“双子座7”号：教训与传奇

“双子座”航天飞机计划的核心目的是进一步完善轨道会合及对接技术，为登上月球可能会用到的月球轨道会合技术提供数据支持。1966年年底。这一技术难题已经被完美解决，可是后来的研究者已经忘了这项研究的最初目的。     

有关阿姆斯特朗的传闻和真相

传闻：选择阿姆斯特朗做“阿波罗11”登月宇航员，是因为他的平民身份。白宫更希望第一个登陆月球的是普通老百姓，而不是军人。 真相：阿姆斯特朗能成为“阿波罗11”号的指令长。是因为他的不断进步。以及他在“双子座”航天飞机及早期“阿波罗”飞行任务中的表现。没人知道，他在成为“阿波罗11”号机组成员之前需要完成多少任务。     

人类行为：杀戮本性

“有人说，我们从我们的动物祖先身上继承了发动战争的倾向……战争以及其他所有的暴力行为都是在基因水平上被设定好，并且烙印在人类天性之中的……人类有一个‘暴力的大脑’……这些说法从科学上来讲都是不正确的。”     

“阿波罗11”号与UFO

“阿波罗11”号登月才过去几十年，但这一事件已经成为历史课本中的传奇，标志着人类第一次在另一个世界登陆，同时也展示了20世纪60年代美国的科技和组织、管理、协调能力。对U10领域的专家、粉丝以及反对者来说，“阿波罗11”号登月也意义非凡。多年以来，在这次史诗级的空间旅行中，一直有关于UFO的报告和照片流传。     

测量燃烧室内温度时的热辐射修正

我们在进行某一环形燃烧室扇形形试验件的试验研究时,用热电偶测量了燃烧室内的温度分布。一般来说,热电偶不能获得与热燃气同样的温度,这是因为热电偶和周围环境有着辐射能量的交换。通常是热电偶节点向冷的壁面辐射能量。在稳态时,燃气通过对流传热向热电偶节点提供能量来平衡这一损失。这就是说,热电偶节点测得的温度较燃气的真实温度要低,这一温差就是由辐射热损失造成的。下面介绍对此热辐射损失进行修正的一个简化方法。