机载雷达系统中的空—时自适应处理

本文概述了空—时自适应处理(STAP)在现代雷达系统中，尤其是在强干涉和人为干扰下的机载雷达系统中的应用情况。简要介绍处理方法后，叙述了STAP在导致非平稳信号环境的热杂波和非均匀雷达环境中STAP的应用结果。分析了在这种实际情况下采用STAP处理所存在的局限。结尾部分为使用圆形阵列所得到的一些STAP近期结果。     

指令制导导弹脱靶距离分析

论述综合比例导航指令制导导弹系统最小脱靶距离估值的一种简明理论技术;指出参数对系统脱靶距离的影响同拦截距离有关.该技术能使系统设计人员和分析人员对系统性能进行量化,并系统地了解指令制导系统在每一拦截距离上的性能限制.以伴随理论为基础的新的解析方程用来研究指令制导系统因存在目标机动、距离、伺服、闪烁和大气噪声而产生的统计脱靶距离.推导出能得出最小统计脱靶距离的最佳总系统时间常数;研究了对可获得的最小系统时间常数的实际约束条件.推导的最佳总系统时间常数方程的价值在于系统设计师可根据系统参数、限制和拦截条件来使脱靶距离最小.     

含铝推进剂的温度和压力敏感性

本文报导含铝 AP/HTPB 复合推进剂的温度和压力敏感性理论研究结果。研究使用的是一种多重火焰模型(改进型小总体模型),这个模型考虑了铝粉对推进剂燃速的影响。报导的重点是温度和压力敏感性计算值与推进剂中氧化剂粒度和铝粉粒度、含量的关系。研究结果表明,粗粒度氧化剂低燃速推进剂,提高铝粉含量或使用较细的铝粉,可显著降低温度敏感性。在理论上压力敏感性(压力指数)也有同样倾向。为说明这类推进剂显示这种倾向的原因,对于所使用的模型进行了相当详细的讨论。     

复合推进剂连续混合工艺述评

随着固体火箭尺寸的增大及推进剂能量的提高,使用连续混合工艺制造推进剂有可能降低由混合机尺寸所引起的危险,同时提高了生产率。另一方面,连续混合工艺亦象其它连续化学工艺一样可以节省开支。由于固体推进剂是结构材料和弹道的产物,其机械性能和弹道性能的重现性是很重要的。本文论述了如下问题:     

Humans to Mars: a feasibility and cost-benefit analysis

Mars is a compelling astrobiological target, and a human mission would provide an opportunity to collect immense amounts of scientific data. Exploration alone, however, cannot justify the increased risk. Instead, three factors drive a human mission: economics, education, and exploration. A human mission has a unique potential to inspire the next generation of young people to enter critically needed science and engineering disciplines. A mission is economically feasible, and the research and development program put in place for a human mission would propel growth in related high-technology industries. The main hurdles are human physiological responses to 1–2 years of radiation and microgravity exposure. However, enabling technologies are sufficiently mature in these areas that they can be developed within a few decade timescale. Hence, the decision of whether or not to undertake a human mission to Mars is a political decision, and thus, educational and economic benefits are the crucial factors.     

Voluntary head stabilization in space during trunk movements in weightlessness

The ability to voluntarily stabilize the head in space during lateral rhythmic oscillations of the trunk has been investigated during parabolic flights. Five healthy young subjects, who gave informed consent, were examined. The movements were performed with eyes open or eyes closed, either during phases of microgravity or phases of normal gravity. The main result to emerge from this study is that the head may be stabilized in space about the roll axis under microgravity conditions with, as well as without vision, despite the reduction of the vestibular afferent and the muscle proprioceptive inputs. Moreover, the absence of head stabilization about the yaw axis confirms that the degrees of freedom of the neck can be independently controlled, as it was previously shown [1]. These results seem to indicate that voluntary head stabilization does not depend crucially upon static vestibular afferents. Head stabilization in space may be in fact organized on the basis of either dynamic vestibular afferents or a postural body scheme.     

大型火箭发动机的壳体粘结问题

大型药柱的壳体粘结很少进行研究,往往成为火箭发动机生产中很困难的问题。当柔软的橡胶与坚硬的金属壳体粘结时,在粘结线上产生应力集中,会使成品发动机变得不能用。推进剂和壳体粘结的常用方法是采用可固化的胶粘剂包复层。业已证明,包复层和推进剂之间必须具有化学相似性才能很好粘结。本文列举了具体体现这一概念的粘结系统实例,并叙述其间有关的特殊化学反应。     

火箭喷管的二维两相流

本文介绍了编制一组解轴对称喷管气体/粒子流动方程组的计算机程序的进展情况。已经编写了两个程序,是用来解喷管喉部跨声速区的方程组的。第一个程序把两相流体看成是一种具有修正等熵指数和修正分子量的重理想气体,并解跨声速等熵流动方程组,得到的初始流场形状作为第二个程序的输入。第二个程序包含有气体/粒子混合物非平衡效应。这两个程序为进行超声速计算提供准确的初始线数据,这些数据将用作第三个程序的输入。第三个程序是解喷管超声速区两相流动方程组的,不久即将写成。