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991.
992.
Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen. 相似文献
993.
Whedon GD Lutwak L Reid J Rambaut P Whittle M Smith M Leach C 《Acta Astronautica》1975,2(3-4):297-309
Prediction that the various stresses of flight, particularly weightlessness, would bring about significant derangements in the metabolism of the musculoskeletal system has been based on various observations of long-term immobilized or inactive bed rest. The only attempt at controlled measurement of metabolic changes in space prior to Skylab, a study during the 14-day Gemini VII flight, revealed rather modest losses of important elements. The three astronauts of Skylab II consumed a planned day-by-day, quite constant, dietary intake of major metabolic elements in mixed foods and beverages and provided virtually complete collections of excreta for 31 days preflight, during the 28 days inflight, and for 17 days postflight. Analyses showed that, in varying degree among the crewmen, urinary calcium increased gradually during flight in a pattern similar to that observed in bed-rest studies: the mean plateau peak of urinary calcium excretion in the latter part of flight was double preflight levels. Fecal calcium excretion did not change significantly, but calcium balance, owing to the urinary calcium rise, became either negative or less positive than in preflight measurement. Increased excretion and negative balance of nitrogen and phosphorus indicated appreciable loss of muscle tissue in all three crewmen. Significant losses also occurred inflight in potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Based on the similarity in pattern and degree between these observations and those in bed rest of the losses in calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, musculoskeletal integrity would not be threatened in space flights of up to at least 3 months. However, if similar changes occur, indicative of continuing losses of these elements, in the planned Skylab flights for considerably more than 28 days, concern for capable musculoskeletal function should be serious for flights of very many months' duration, and greater research attention will need to be given to development of protective counter-measures. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
美国航空航天局(NASA)拥有用于不同用途的三种航天测控网,即地基网、天基网和深空网。其中地基网采取用户驱动方式,可为各种低地球轨道(LEO)、地球同步轨道(GEO)、高椭圆轨道、亚轨道以及发射轨道等多类不同任务用户提供覆盖任务生命周期的多频段遥测、遥控和跟踪服务。 相似文献
997.
998.
:该文在取得数码同步器的实际测量值基础上进行了理论分析。这种同步器的原理是先对接收的数据进行非线性滤波,生成谱线,然后通过一数字锁环(PLL选取谱线,达到同步的目的。数据检测由匹配滤波器完成。这种实现方法最吸引人的特点是捕获时间短及全数字化。 相似文献
999.
本文利用DYL多元逻辑电路的特点,提出求极值和中间值的“地址”的方法和电路。使DYL多元逻辑电路的应用更加完善。 相似文献
1000.
在轨跟踪与数据中继卫星测控关键技术(下) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
(续上期)6星蚀地影、月影分别发生于地球和月球遮挡太阳到卫星的光线时。地影固定出现在太阳运行到赤道附近的每年春、秋分前后约23 d的凌晨,1年有90 d多。地影发生的时刻和持续时间与卫星的定点位置、轨道倾角有关。月影的出现与卫星位置有关,但无明显规律。6.1 TDRS地影根据地球-卫星-太阳的相对位置(如图7所示),设TDRS在距地心为r的点PT处,它与地日连线对地心的张角φ=arccosST·SS|ST|×|SS|,(21)式中:SS为O-XIYIZI系中太阳矢量。图7地球-卫星-太阳相对位置Fig.7 Position relationship among the sun,the earth and a sate… 相似文献