对大功率航空谐振环路变换器的系统设计考虑

已研制出一种新型变速恒频（VSCF）400Hz飞机发电系统，该系统使用了一种有源箝位谐振直流环变换器。描述了选择谐振变换器功率级最佳配置的设计方法，包括选择满足关键控制性能参数的功率器件值的技术。讨论了变换器各元件之间的相互影响，并且提出了选择的参数值必须满足多方面的、有时甚至是相互矛盾的系统性能指标，并通过60kVA实验系统的仿真和测试数据验证了该系统的可行性。     

The physical price of a ticket into space

As a direct consequence of exposure to microgravity astronauts experience a number of physiological changes, which can have serious medical implications when they return to Earth. Most immediate and significant are the head-ward shift of body fluids and the removal of gravitational loading from bone and muscles, which lead to progressive changes in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Cardiovascular adaptations result in an increased incidence of orthostatic intolerance (fainting) post-flight, decreased cardiac output and reduced exercise capacity. Changes in the musculoskeletal system contribute significantly to the impaired functions experienced in the post-flight period. The underlying factor producing these changes is the absence of gravity. Countermeasures, therefore, are designed primarily to simulate Earth-like movements, stresses and system interactions. Exercise is one approach that has received wide operational use and acceptance in both the US and Russian space programmes, and has enabled humans to stay relatively healthy in space for well over a year. Although it remains the most effective countermeasure currently available, significant physiological degradation still occurs. The development of other countermeasures will therefore be necessary for longer duration missions, such as the human exploration of Mars.     

Quantitative analysis of motion control in long term microgravity

In the frame of the 179-days EUROMIR '95 space mission, two in-flight experiments have foreseen quantitative three-dimensional human movement analysis in microgravity. For this aim, a space qualified opto-electronic motion analyser based on passive markers has been installed onboard the Russian Space Station MIR and 8 in flight sessions have been performed. Techhology and method for the collection of kinematics data are described, evaluating the accuracy in three-dimensional marker localisation. Results confirm the suitability of opto-electronic technology for quantitative human motion analysis on orbital modules and raise a set of "lessons learned", leading to the improvement of motion analyser performance with a contemporary swiftness of the on-board operations. Among the experimental program of T4, results of three voluntary posture perturbation protocols are described. The analysis suggests that a short term reinterpretation of proprioceptive information and re-calibration of sensorimotor mechanisms seem to end within the first weeks of flight, while a continuous long term adaptation process allows the refinement of motor performance, in the frame of never abandoned terrestrial strategies.     

液氧/烃三组元推进剂助推发动机的设计思想

讨论了液氧/烃三组元推进剂助推发动机的设计思想,这种液氧/甲烷助推发动机的初步设计还使用了液氢.试验表明,液氧/甲烷/液氢三组元推进剂发动机具有燃烧稳定、燃烧效率高、冷却性能好、能与铜合金燃烧室壁很好兼容等优点,因而可消除或大大减少设计可重复使用的高压烃类助推发动机时可能出现的风险.     

固体火箭推进剂——西欧发展情况

详细介绍西欧各国研制固体火箭推进剂的情况及其进展.对双基推进剂,包括浇注双基推进剂、压伸双基推进剂、复合改性浇注双基推进剂和复合推进剂,以及一些粘合剂的特性和发展分别作了叙述.探讨在固体推进剂中加入硼粉后性能的改进以及所带来的问题.今后固体推进剂发展的重点将是:提高总固体含量,进一步提高燃速,改进药柱的力学性能,降低温度敏感系数,以及降低推进剂成本.     

84英寸推进剂药筒与药柱 第一卷 技术讨论

1.0 绪言先进洲际导弹的设计要求使用比现用导弹系统发动机性能更高的固体火箭发动机。这些高性能的发动机将(1)采用高固体含量的先进推进剂,(2)有较高的火焰温度和(3)在相当高的燃烧室压力下工作。因此,先进发动机的喷管和推力向量控制部件所面临的环境将远比现有系统要恶劣得多。为了正确地评价这些先进设计的性能,必须对这些部件在相当苛刻的工作条件下进行大量的鉴定试验,以便模拟实际应用的情况。为此,空军火箭推进实验室(AFRPL)终于研制了     

MX导弹第三级样机评价

本文评述赫克力斯公司正在为空军研制的MX导弹第三级的设计。第三级固体发动机的许多部件和材料都选用了最新的技术。这些新技术包括:带有碳复合材料裙的凯夫拉49发动机壳体;二维和三维碳/碳复合材料的轻型喷管;硝酸酯增塑的聚醚推进剂(NEPE),这种推进剂比冲高、延伸率大;以及两节套筒式可延伸出口锥(EEC)。这些新技术的应用提高了整个发动机的性能。本文对第三级的设计及其主要部件都作了概要介绍。为了说明MX第三级的设计是切实可行的,还将MX第三级各部件设计与以前研制的发动机作了比较。     

固体推进剂中裂纹扩展的一条新定律

确定控制推进剂中裂纹扩展的Paris定律,给出了应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速率之间的幂律关系。但是,这对正确表达粘弹材料中裂纹扩展不尽合适。利用线性累积破坏理论和破坏区的概念,我们给出如下修正定律 da/dt aT=Aα/t_m式中α是达到最大应力σ_m时裂纹前端区域的长度,t_m是与单向拉伸试验中的最大应力相应的时间。就单边预裂试样的拉伸试验而言,本定律可使其结果的分散大大减小,研究中采用CTPB和聚氨酯推进剂。     

一种新的水平搜索共用孔径雷达方案

主要探讨舰船防御的水平搜索问题。该提议要求把阵列安置在船甲板上，通过在位于高桅杆上的多个轻型频率选择表面（FSS）使产生的功率射向水平方向，接收阵列由工作在3：1频率范围内布了宽带天线阵元的圆形阵组成，发射阵列是一种线性阵元阵列，各阵元后面是大功率微波功率模块（MPM），该方案满足水平搜索要求。     

Technical evolutions of the French multipurpose instruments for Cognitive Neurosciences

Since the first French flight in space in 1982, the CNES has developed a wide range of instruments, especially in the field of Neurosciences. The design of these instruments has considerably evolved from rather simple equipment up to much more sophisticated tools that are being specially tailored for these missions. Four major phases can be identified: -a simple adaptation of an echographe leading to the first neurosciences experiments (the ARAGATZ'88 mission), -the ILLUSIONS and VIMINAL instruments used during the ANTARES'92 and ALTAIR'93 missions, -the COGNILAB instrument developed for the CASSIOPEE'96 mission, to be re-used in 1997 and in 1999, -a preliminary design of the 1999 mission payload, including virtual reality concepts, in a modular design to adapt to the European COF. Aside from the evolution of scientific requirements, the experience gained during the flights led to progressive improvements in the different technical parts, including visual system, body restraint systems, accessories, such as a force feedback joystick, computer and software, etc. This paper describes the technical evolutions in the CNES Neurosciences program.