侦察兵运载火箭先进的第三级发动机的研制

前言侦察兵运载火箭第三级发动机将采用天蝎座——Ⅲ(Antares—Ⅲ)发动机。侦察兵是一种四级固体推进剂运载火箭,由国家航宇局兰利研究中心抓总,沃特(Vought)公司主要负责系统研制。1977年初,为了至少增加18公斤有效载荷,着手寻求一种高性能第三级发动机。这种性能经改进后的发动机仍必须维持原先发动机的外形尺寸,并能保持或提高原先发动机的设计安全系数。1977年3月,赛奥科尔公司承包了沃特公司的合同,负责设计、研制和质量鉴定代号为     

液氧/甲烷高压补燃火箭燃烧室研究

采用一台小型推力室对液氧/甲烷推进剂的高压补燃火箭燃烧室进行了实验评估,富燃预燃室和主燃室均单独进行了试验.预燃室/主燃室装置的试验条件是:主燃室压力7—9.6MPa,混合比3.1—3.7.预燃的燃气温度760—1070K,推力范围4.6—6.4kN.试验评估了在使用不同类型的主喷注器和预燃室喷注器时,预燃室和主燃室的燃烧性能、主燃室内的热通量分布以及室壁和喷嘴表面的积碳特性.此外,还推导了表征主燃室燃烧效率的经验公式.实验装置的任何部位均未出现严重的积碳,也未检测到由于室壁的积碳而引起热通量的明显减小.     

TABS—一种为多点应用的异步成组串行协议

本文介绍美国电报电话公司在遥测网络和通讯网络之间的接口上应用的一种专用协议—遥测异步成组串行通讯协议(TABS)这个协议主要用于传输设备的远距支持。文中叙述了协议的层次结构(物理和电气层、数据链层和应用层);给出了协议的有限态自动机表示法;性能分析给出了不同操作环境下与性能有关的有用信息。TABS正被美国电报电话公司广泛地应用在大容量数字系统的维护接口上。     

预测AP/HTPB推进剂药浆粘度的经验模型

高固体含量推进剂药浆粘度的理论处理很困难,本文提出了预测AP/HTPB推进剂药浆粘度的经验模型,把药浆粘度跟体积分数C_1关联起来,得到如下方程:logηr=ao+∑a_iC_i+∑b_iC_i~2+Σc_iC_i~3再采用回归分析,求解出每个回归系数。借助该模型,可预测单级配、多级配AP/HTPB推进剂药浆粘度。使用布氏粘度计测定药浆粘度。同时研究了药浆粘度与固体含量、AP粒度比和混合比的关系。     

重新设计的航天飞机固体火箭助推器现场接头——锡奥科尔公司开始全尺寸试验

介绍了航天飞机固体助推器的一种新式现场接头设计,以及航天飞机恢复飞行前安排的各项必须试验。     

“阿里安”L5发动机的研制状况

“阿里安”L5是欧洲研制的最重要的中等推力级可贮存的二元推进剂发动机.它采用了多元件喷射器的设计原理,这种喷射器使用多个同轴喷射元件、一个燃料再生冷却燃烧室和一个辐射冷却的喷管扩展段.研制该发动机各部件所运用的技术与MBB-ERNO公司研制“阿里安”HM7液氧/液氢发动机时运用的技术相类似,但由于L5发动机的推进剂具有二元的基本特性,故现有的液氧/液氢技术只能部分采纳.对此MBB-ERNO公司提出了一项实验性计划来论证同轴式喷射器原理的可行性.L5发动机的研制工作包括整台发动机的设计及推进分系统的布局.叙述L5发动机的设计、性能和工作特性,以及研制状况,重点介绍目前正在研制的喷射器.     

高速通用遥测计算机系统的新体系结构

遥测计算机系统有如下一些重要的发展趋势:1.码速率更高。2.数据格式更复杂。3.硬件预处理与压缩。4.速度更快、适应性更强的通用计算机接口。5.32位计算机系统。6.用小型专用辅助计算机执行例行任务。7.灵活的显示装置和显示服务。本文叙述顺应上述趋势的系统体系结构。模块化设备提供了高速数据通过率,适应复杂格式,与现代32位计算机相容。     

Biosignatures from Earth-like planets around M dwarfs

Coupled one-dimensional photochemical-climate calculations have been performed for hypothetical Earth-like planets around M dwarfs. Visible/near-infrared and thermal-infrared synthetic spectra of these planets were generated to determine which biosignature gases might be observed by a future, space-based telescope. Our star sample included two observed active M dwarfs-AD Leo and GJ 643-and three quiescent model stars. The spectral distribution of these stars in the ultraviolet generates a different photochemistry on these planets. As a result, the biogenic gases CH4, N2O, and CH3Cl have substantially longer lifetimes and higher mixing ratios than on Earth, making them potentially observable by space-based telescopes. On the active M-star planets, an ozone layer similar to Earth's was developed that resulted in a spectroscopic signature comparable to the terrestrial one. The simultaneous detection of O2 (or O3) and a reduced gas in a planet's atmosphere has been suggested as strong evidence for life. Planets circling M stars may be good locations to search for such evidence.     

The flight experiment ANITA--a high performance air analyser for manned space cabins

Analysing Interferometer for Ambient Air (ANITA) is a flight experiment as precursor for a permanent continuous trace gas monitoring system on the International Space Station (ISS). For over 10 years, under various ESA contracts the flight experiment was defined, designed, breadboarded and set up. For the safety of the crew, ANITA can detect and quantify quasi on-line and simultaneously 32 trace gases with ppm or sub-ppm detection limits. The self-standing measurement system is based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) technology. The system represents a versatile air monitor allowing for the first time the detection and monitoring of trace gas dynamics of a spacecraft atmosphere. It is envisaged to accommodate ANITA in a Destiny (US LAB) Express Rack on the ISS. The transportation to the ISS is planned with the first ATV 'Jules Verne'. The options are either the Space Shuttle or the Automated Transfer Vehicle.     

The feasibility of Doppler monitoring during EVA

During extravehicular activities (EVA) outside the spacecraft, astronauts have to work under reduced pressure in a space suit. This pressure reduction induces the risk of decompression sickness (DCS) by the formation of gas bubbles from excess nitrogen dissolved in the organism by breathing air at normal pressure. Under laboratory conditions the gas bubbles moving in the blood stream can be detected by the non-invasive ultrasonic Doppler method. By early detection of excessive bubble formation the development of DCS symptoms may be prevented by early application of preventative measures. The method could also be useful when applied in the space suit in order to compare the results of laboratory tests with operational results, because there is a discrepancy according to the DCS risk of laboratory experiments and actual EVA missions, where no symptoms have been reported yet. A prototype Doppler sensor has been developed and implemented in the Russian Orlan suit. To investigate the feasibility of this method under simulated space conditions, the equipment has been used in a series of 12 thermovacuum chamber tests with suited subjects, where intravenous bubble formation was compared to unsuited control experiments. In more than 50% of the suited tests good Doppler recordings could be achieved. In some cases with unsatisfying results the signal could be improved by breathholding. Although the results do not yet allow any conclusion about a possible difference between suited and unsuited subjects due to the small number of tests performed, the method proved its feasibility for use in EVA suits and should be further developed to enhance the safety of EVA procedures.