针对多个地球静止轨道目标的巡游轨道设计

运行在螺旋巡游轨道上的航天器无需施加控制力就可以长期巡游在指定轨道附近,利用该特点,克服地基目标监视系统的不足,可提高空间目标监视能力.在现有的设计基础之上,改进对地球静止轨道多个目标螺旋巡游轨道的初始轨道设计;通过施加控制提出两种可以对地球静止轨道上多个目标进行绕飞观测的螺旋巡游轨道设计;通过仿真验证,对比二者各自的优势.     

尾座式无人飞行器鲁棒容错编队控制

针对尾座式无人飞行器编队在执行器故障、严重的非线性和耦合性、参数不确定性、外界扰动等影响下的容错控制问题进行了研究。提出了一种鲁棒容错编队控制方法来实现一群尾座式无人飞行器在执行器故障情况下的期望编队飞行。所构建的控制器由2部分组成：标称控制器和干扰补偿控制器。设计标称控制器使系统实现期望的控制性能,利用干扰补偿控制器抑制多种不确定性和执行器故障的影响。通过理论分析证明了系统的鲁棒稳定性,并通过数值仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

Alfvn Waves in the Solar Wind

Alfvn waves are found to be ubiquitous in the solar wind.Recent progress in observational studies of the waves is reviewed to formulate a microscopic picture for the Alfvenic fluctuations. The main aspects of the observational properties of these waves,including the wave intervals, propagation,evolution,origin and generation,are presented.Then Alfven wave heating and acceleration of the solar wind plasma are briefly introduced.The relation of the waves to rotational and tangential discontinuities,magnetic decreases,and other relatively large-scale structures such as flux tubes/ropes,magnetic clouds and interplanetary coronal mass ejections in the solar wind is particularly investigated.Finally,some remaining open questions are also indicated due to their fundamental importance of understanding of the physical nature of Alfven waves and the role of the waves in heating and accelerating the solar wind.     

Is the presence of oxygen on an exoplanet a reliable biosignature?

We revisit the validity of the presence of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a rocky planet as being a biosignature. Up to now, the false positive that has been identified applies to a planet during a hot greenhouse runaway, which is restricted to planets outside the habitable zone (HZ) of the star that are closer to the star. In this paper, we explore a new possibility based on abiotic photogeneration of O(2) at the surface of a planet that could occur inside the HZ. The search for such a process is an active field of laboratory investigation that has resulted from an ongoing interest in finding efficient systems with the capacity to harvest solar energy on Earth. Although such a process is energetically viable, we find it to be a very unlikely explanation for the observation of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a telluric exoplanet in the HZ. It requires an efficient photocatalyst to be present and abundant under natural planetary conditions, which appears unlikely according to our discussion of known mineral photochemical processes. In contrast, a biological system that synthesizes its constituents from abundant raw materials and energy has the inherent adaptation advantage to become widespread and dominant (Darwinist argument). Thus, O(2) appears to continue to be a good biosignature.     

Prebiotic significance of extraterrestrial ice photochemistry: detection of hydantoin in organic residues

The delivery of extraterrestrial organic materials to primitive Earth from meteorites or micrometeorites has long been postulated to be one of the origins of the prebiotic molecules involved in the subsequent apparition of life. Here, we report on experiments in which vacuum UV photo-irradiation of interstellar/circumstellar ice analogues containing H(2)O, CH(3)OH, and NH(3) led to the production of several molecules of prebiotic interest. These were recovered at room temperature in the semi-refractory, water-soluble residues after evaporation of the ice. In particular, we detected small quantities of hydantoin (2,4-imidazolidinedione), a species suspected to play an important role in the formation of poly- and oligopeptides. In addition, hydantoin is known to form under extraterrestrial, abiotic conditions, since it has been detected, along with various other derivatives, in the soluble part of organic matter of primitive carbonaceous meteorites. This result, together with other related experiments reported recently, points to the potential importance of the photochemistry of interstellar "dirty" ices in the formation of organics in Solar System materials. Such molecules could then have been delivered to the surface of primitive Earth, as well as other telluric (exo-) planets, to help trigger first prebiotic reactions with the capacity to lead to some form of primitive biomolecular activity.     

基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法

针对激光雷达大测量范围高精度测角测距问题,提出一种基于标定场的激光雷达两步标定方法.该方法在分析激光雷达测角误差和测距误差的基础上,提出激光雷达误差修正模型.该模型将距离修正从标定模型中分离,首先利用靶标场完成全视场的角度标定,并确定其外部参数,再利用基线场实现距离标定.以降低距离标定参数与角度标定参数之间的耦合性,保证激光雷达角度和距离标定的精度和准确度.实验结果表明方法合理有效,能够实现激光雷达的高精度标定.     

铝试件脉冲红外热无损检测的主分量分析

为了提高铝试件脉冲红外热像无损检测的缺陷探测能力,研究了主分量分析法在热像信号处理中的运用方法及效果.结合脉冲热像序列处理论述了主分量分析的数据准备、计算方法和处理效果.为了考查算法的有效性,对铝合金板进行了脉冲红外热像无损检测实验.结果表明,采用第2、第3主分量图像以及由前几个主分量重建的图像均有增强缺陷对比度和抑制加热不均的效应,从而提高了脉冲红外热无损检测的缺陷检测能力;此外,在检测铝板模拟腐蚀时,能使可探测的最小腐蚀率减小10%左右.     

访问者关系管理在产品需求分析中的应用

产品设计的早期阶段对产品进行需求分析是产品取得成功的关键,快速获取需求、准确分析需求是需求分析的焦点。本文通过访问者关系管理实现了快速获取需求和产品的信息管理。