集成化产品生命周期模型研究

给出了一个集成化产品生命周期模型的概念,实现了对产品生命周期内不同领域、不同阶段、不同方面产品信息的统一定义;提出了集成化的产品生命周期模型体系,从生命周期维、视图模型维和应用领域维对产品生命周期模型的建模方法作了描述,并基于面向对象技术开发了一个产品生命周期模型管理系统,提供了产品生命周期模型的对象建模、对象访问、对象管理和对象持久化等操作.     

SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料焊接工艺研究

通过SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料与Al合金的焊接工艺试验研究，重点分析了材料组合，保湿工艺，连接时间等工艺参数对连接接头性能的影响以及连接接头的微观组织及成分分布，研究表明，TLP扩散连接是一种适用于复合材料连接的重要方法，在相同工艺条件下，LF6／SiCp-6061Al的接头性能明显优于LF6／SiCp-2024Al，连接时间过短或过长，都将影响到接头性能，并且连接时间对不同材料组合的影响也不同，采用二次保温工艺可以较大幅度地提高接头性能。     

PHYSIOLAB: a new laboratory for the study of the cardio-vascular system

On the basis of the experience gained during the previous french-russian missions on board MIR about the adaptation processes of the cardio-vascular system, a new laboratory has been designed. The objective of this “PHYSIOLAB” is to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the changes in the cardio-vascular system, with a special emphasis on the phenomenon of cardio-vascular deconditioning after landing.

Beyond these scientific objectives, it is also intended to use PHYSIOLAB to help in the medical monitoring on-board MIR, during functional tests such as LBNP.

PHYSIOLAB will be set up in MIR by the French cosmonaut during the next french-russian CASSIOPEE mission in 1996. Its architecture is based on a central unit, which controls the experimental protocols, records the results and provides an interface for transmission to the ground via telemetry. Different specific modules are used for the acquisition of various physiological parameters.

This PHYSIOLAB under development for the CASSIOPEE mission should evolve towards a more ambitious laboratory, whose definition would take into account the results obtained with the first version of PHYSIOLAB. This “second generation” laboratory should be developed in the frame of wide international cooperation.     

Carotid artery pulsatility during parabolic flights

In cardio-vascular hemodynamic, the arterial pulsatility, represented by the arterial pulse pressure (PP= systolic blood pressure-diastolic blood pressure), is different from one site to another, in opposite with the mean blood pressure almost identical in the whole body in supine position (or in microgravity). This is due to the arterial tree geometry and regional differences in the distensibility properties of the arterial wall. As the level of blood pressure opposed to the cardiac left ventricle work is the central pressure, on one hand and as the arterial pulsatility at the site of arterial baro-receptors (located on aortic arch and carotid arteries' bifurcation) regulates the sympathetic and vagal control of heart and peripheral resistances on the other hand, to determine the evolution of this central pulse pressure is of major importance in the knowledge of cardio-vascular hemodynamic during hyper or hypogravity as observed during parabolic flights. The aim of this study was to evaluate noninvasively the carotid artery pulsatility and mechanic properties during parabolic flights.     

Blood volume regulating hormones, fluid and electrolyte modifications during 21 and 198-day space flights (Altair-MIR 1993)

During the Altair MIR' 93 mission we studied several parameters involved in blood volume regulation. The experiment was done on two cosmonauts before (B-60, B-30), during (D6, D12, D18 for French and D7, D12, D17 for Russian) and after the flight (R+1, R+3 and R+7). Space flight durations were different for two cosmonauts: for the Russian the flight duration was 198 days and for the French 21 days. On board the MIR station only urinary (volume and electrolytes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and catecholamines) and salivary (cGMP and cortisol) samples were collected, centrifuged and stored in freezer. Lithium was used as a tracer to know exactly the 24 h urine output (CNES urine collection Kit). Before and after flight, blood was drawn with an epicite needle and vacutainer system for hormonal assays (renin, antidiuretic hormone, cGMP, ANP and aldosterone) in two positions: after 30 min rest in upright seated position and after 90 min of supine position. Salivary samples were collected simultaneously. During flight a decrease of diuresis and ANP and an increase of osmolality were found. No modifications of hematocrit, but an increase of salivary cGMP and cortisol were also observed. The decrease of urinary ANP is in favor of hypovolemia as described in previous flights. The postflight examinations revealed changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism which indicate a hypohydration status and a stimulation of hormonal system responsible for water and electrolyte retention in order to readapt to the normal gravity.     

Comparison of gradual and rapid onset runs in a short-arm centrifugation

A gradual onset run (GOR) in a short-arm centrifugation was performed on ten healthy students. The centrifuge had a 1.8 m radius, and the subjects sat on a chair in a cabin. The Gz force increased to 2.2 Gz at 0.1 °/sec² for 32 min. and the same Gz-level was maintained for 20 min. Three out of ten subjects completed the whole protocol; the load on the others was terminated because of symptoms or increased heart rate. There were few symptoms such as vertigo, that was a common problem with a rapid onset run (ROR) in former experiments, due to the short-arm centrifugation. The changes of the flicker test after the load were much less in the GOR protocol than in the ROR protocol, even in the terminated group. GOR seemed preferable to ROR in preventing vertigo even though it took longer to reach the necessary G load.     

燃烧固体药柱内腔表面的典型裂纹及其力学行为

根据燃烧环境中高装填固体推进剂药柱内应力的分布特征,提出了药柱内腔表面的两种典型裂纹, 即横向表面裂纹和纵向表面裂纹, 并分别采用方坯药柱和圆盘药柱表面预制的裂纹进行了模拟。比较燃气作用下两种药柱的有限元分析结果, 明确了挤裂模式对于燃烧环境中固体药柱表面裂纹问题的适用性。这些结论与实验观测现象非常吻合, 对实际发动机工作环境中固体药柱表面裂纹的力学行为预示和故障分析有着重要的指导意义。     

再入飞行器迎风面边界层转捩的数值预估

基于求解三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,首先数值预估了高超声速三维流动的边界层特性;采用已有的高超声速三维边界层转捩准则,即在转捩位置Ｒｅθ／Ｍｅ＝常数,以及通过修正由ＯＮＥＲＡ提出的代数转捩模型,建立了预估三维边界层转捩的半经验数值技术并应用于三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的求解。利用ＨＡＬＩＳ模型及相关的实验数据,首次进行了在Ｍ∞＝６时不同雷诺数及迎角的验证试验。预估结果表明：在不考虑     

液体火箭发动机系统面向对象分析方法

对液体火箭发动机系统面向对象分析方法进行了探讨,提出了功能型部件、检验型部件和系统调节器三类广义部位的概念,并给出了它们的结构。描述了实际系统分割和顺序化计算过程,给出了顺序化计算方法明确的数学表示。将面向对象分析方法应用于发动机构型研究,建立了发动机功率平衡计算方法和静态特性分析方法。基于这些方法的应用程序通用性好,计算速度快、精度高。