Respective effects of hindlimb suspension, confinement and spaceflight on myotendinous junction ultrastructure

This study compares the effects of 14-day confinement and spaceflight with the respective effects of 8, 18 and 29-day hindlimb suspension on rat soleus and plantaris MTJ ultrastructure. Independently of the experimental situation, greater morphological changes were observed in the soleus as compared to the plantaris MTJ. 18 days of suspension and 14 days of confinement resulted in ultrastructural modifications of the digit-like processes in the soleus MTJ. Additional changes were observed in the myofibrils, microtendon and tendon after 29 days of suspension and 4 days of spaceflight. These results emphasize the influence of the intensity and duration of the muscle loading on the MTJ ultrastructure.     

匹配子空间STAP的空时自回归滤波

实用的空时自适应处理（STAP）算法取决于降维处理，采用了诸如主要分量或部分自适应滤波器的技术。降维不仅可以减轻计算量，还能减少估算干扰统计所需的采样。这样的结果源于假设杂波方差具有特定（非参数）结构。我们验证了如何将参数结构加在杂波和干扰上，以进一步减少计算和二次采样。这个方法称为空时自回归（STAR）滤波，它采用了两个步骤：首先，构造一个结构子空间，该子空间正交于有杂波和干扰驻留的结构子空间，其次，用与该子空间匹配的检测器可确定是否有目标存在。我们采用圆形阵STAP的实际仿真数据组，证实了该方法能够显著地降低信号-干扰与杂波比（SINR）的损耗，且计算量小于其它常用算法。在低2次采样情况下该STAR算法同样能取得很好的性能，这个特点对非平稳杂波的状况更有吸引力。     

液体火箭发动机的热结构复合材料

20多年来,火箭工程设计人员一直在研究耐高温、抗氧化陶瓷材料的应用可能性,但是这些材料的主要缺点是易碎和抗热壅塞性差.目前工业用碳陶瓷和陶瓷-陶瓷结构复合材料具有很好的弹性和很强的抗热壅塞性能,这重新引起了人们制造高温火箭发动机复合材料部件的兴趣.这类新材料目前正由欧洲动力装备公司(SEP)生产,其名为SEPCARB和CERASEP,它们具有独特的热和机械性能,可以取代难熔金属而应用于可贮存二元推进剂火箭发动机的整体式喷管和推力室.装有这些部件的工艺发动机已经试验成功,从而为下一代火箭发动机的生产铺平了道路.     

Response to hypogravity of normal in vitro cultured follicular cells from thyroid

Aim of this investigation is the study of molecular modifications occurring in differentiated mammalian cells exposed to gravitational changes. The test system chosen is a well characterized clone of differentiated, normal thyroid follicular cells (FRTL5) in long-term culture. As a follow-up to our recent experiment performed during the MASER-7 sounding rocket mission, flown for European Space Agency by Swedish Space Corporation in May 1996, we evaluated FRTL5 cells responses to Thyroid Stimulating Hormone dependent cAMP production under acute hypogravity conditions obtained in a fast rotating clinostat. Following this approach, we evaluated the FRTL5 cells response to TSH under microgravity conditions in order to optimize experimental tools and strategies in preparation to, and in between real flight missions.     

Cosmic ray impact on extrasolar earth-like planets in close-in habitable zones

Because of their different origins, cosmic rays can be subdivided into galactic cosmic rays and solar/stellar cosmic rays. The flux of cosmic rays to planetary surfaces is mainly determined by two planetary parameters: the atmospheric density and the strength of the internal magnetic moment. If a planet exhibits an extended magnetosphere, its surface will be protected from high-energy cosmic ray particles. We show that close-in extrasolar planets in the habitable zone of M stars are synchronously rotating with their host star because of the tidal interaction. For gravitationally locked planets the rotation period is equal to the orbital period, which is much longer than the rotation period expected for planets not subject to tidal locking. This results in a relatively small magnetic moment. We found that an Earth-like extrasolar planet, tidally locked in an orbit of 0.2 AU around an M star of 0.5 solar masses, has a rotation rate of 2% of that of the Earth. This results in a magnetic moment of less than 15% of the Earth's current magnetic moment. Therefore, close-in extrasolar planets seem not to be protected by extended Earth-like magnetospheres, and cosmic rays can reach almost the whole surface area of the upper atmosphere. Primary cosmic ray particles that interact with the atmosphere generate secondary energetic particles, a so-called cosmic ray shower. Some of the secondary particles can reach the surface of terrestrial planets when the surface pressure of the atmosphere is on the order of 1 bar or less. We propose that, depending on atmospheric pressure, biological systems on the surface of Earth-like extrasolar planets at close-in orbital distances can be strongly influenced by secondary cosmic rays.     

Free fall: a partial unique motion environment

Conditions leading to the elicitation of motion sickness have been divided into two main categories: partial motion environments, in which head movements are required to elicit motion sickness, and complete motion environments, in which independent movements of the head are not required for the production of symptoms. It is postulated that, according to this categorization, free fall constitutes a partial motion environment. In support of this hypothesis evidence is reviewed from Skylab missions, experiments in parabolic flight, and ground-based studies.     

特殊套装的可变面积比可延伸出口锥的设计特性和现状

本文论述一种新的 EEC 方案,本方案不受其它“传统的”EEC 方案的限制,它具有某些特有的设计优点。盖板折叠 EEC(SLEEC)由烧蚀材料或者碳碳材料做成的许多块内外盖板组成。这些盖板重叠特殊,并且紧密套装在喷管固定出口锥的周围,从而使收藏体积大为缩小。作动系统由同步的轴向和径向传动装置组成,这种传动装置当反作用力引起轴向和环向载荷时同时提供延伸和径向扩展。因此锥越来越大而得到展开,使锥成为一个膨胀面确实可变的装置,在火箭发动机的加速级允许最佳高度补偿。对 SLEEC 的不同应用所获得的性能作了对比研究。     

The effects of space travel on the nervous system

The translation of man from terrestrial to an extra terrestrial environment is accompanied by an upset in the servo-control of movement engendered by the removal of the normal gravitational signal. Unfortunately the "natural" response of the nervous system, to ocular and vestibular confusion, is to cause varying degrees of sickness which can only be avoided by choice of suitable space travellers i.e., those who are least upset by gravitational chaos. This will remain so until much more is learned about the fundamental physiological mechanisms whereby man maintains a correct head/trunk, head/eye, trunk/limb and eye/limb positional coordination and why if these are upset man's natural response is to vomit.     

PC104总线式数据模块测试系统的设计

为了实现对PC104总线式数据模块DM6420的各项功能和精度进行全面准确的测试，以PC104计算机为核心，设计了PC104总线式数据模块测试系统。实验结果表明，该测试系统具有测试速度快、可靠性强、自动化水平高等特点。     

小卫星的技术装置

本文描述了两套飞行测试技术装置：一套用于验证新型光电探测器、电子器件及润滑剂技术，另一套用于验证不使用红外探测手段、而通过可见光图像增强在夜间获取中等分辨率图像的能力。这两套技术装置的尺寸对平台要求较低，适用于体积小、成本低的小卫星。