大直径环加强园筒的静液压试验

本文介绍了一个用空气压力施加“静液压”载荷的10呎(3米)直径环加强园筒翘曲试验结果。当压力约为古典小挠度翘曲理论计算压力的76％时,由于筒壁翘曲而破坏。因为试验和计算的翘曲压力都大大小于用目前的设计公式所予示的压力,说明设计公式有严重的缺点。     

高Q腔法测试透波材料毫米波复介电常数

介绍了透波材料毫米波复介电常数自动测试方法,采用高Q腔一腔多模扫频(18～40 GHz)方法测试了微波低损耗圆盘状介质材料,谐振腔工作在TE10p模式,电场的极化方向平行于样品表面.为适应毫米波段材料测试的要求,在设计测试用宽频高Q值谐振腔时,改变以往工作中腔壁开槽位置以抑制TM1mn简并模,对测试用谐振腔的设计大大减小了测试误差.用此系统对几种低损耗材料进行测量,结果证明谐振腔有效Ё抑制了干扰模式,减小了测试误差.对测试结果进行了误差分析,系统的最可几测试误差为:|△εr/εr|=2%;|△tanδ|=10%tanδ+5×10-5.     

高能束流焊接技术在航空发动机耐热材料中的应用

我国高能束流焊接技术经过半个世纪,特别是近20年的迅速发展,逐渐形成了自己的研发体系.国内众多研究者进行的一系列基础理论和应用研究为高能束流焊接技术的发展奠定了基础.     

美国改进E－3和E－8对抗隐身巡航导弹

在过去几年作了一系列努力以后,美国空军现在已拼凑了一个系统,以便确定隐身巡航导弹的位置并将它击落.这个系统基于对E-3 AWACS和E-8Joint-STARS飞机以及AIM-120AMRAAM空空导弹的改进.     

下一代火星车在哪儿着陆?

自发走到一起的行星科学家们正在为下一代火星车平安驶过资金的泥潭和科学的荆棘而不懈地努力……     

Morphological biosignatures and the search for life on Mars

This report provides a rationale for the advances in instrumentation and understanding needed to assess claims of ancient and extraterrestrial life made on the basis of morphological biosignatures. Morphological biosignatures consist of bona fide microbial fossils as well as microbially influenced sedimentary structures. To be recognized as evidence of life, microbial fossils must contain chemical and structural attributes uniquely indicative of microbial cells or cellular or extracellular processes. When combined with various research strategies, high-resolution instruments can reveal such attributes and elucidate how morphological fossils form and become altered, thereby improving the ability to recognize them in the geological record on Earth or other planets. Also, before fossilized microbially influenced sedimentary structures can provide evidence of life, criteria to distinguish their biogenic from non-biogenic attributes must be established. This topic can be advanced by developing process-based models. A database of images and spectroscopic data that distinguish the suite of bona fide morphological biosignatures from their abiotic mimics will avoid detection of false-positives for life. The use of high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic instruments, in conjunction with an improved knowledge base of the attributes that demonstrate life, will maximize our ability to recognize and assess the biogenicity of extraterrestrial and ancient terrestrial life.     

Titan aerosol analogues: analysis of the nonvolatile tholins

Laboratory experiments that produced tholins in a simulated Titan atmosphere were conducted. We report the first systematic analyses of these compounds using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The findings suggest surprising simplicity and nonrandomness in the mass distribution and regularity in species clusters. The degree of unsaturation generally increased with increasing molecular weight in a predictable fashion, and nitrogen is proposed as the dominant carrier of unsaturation. In detected compounds with a general formula of C(x)H(y)N(z), the carbon to nitrogen ratio (x/z) varied only slightly within a narrow limit, and decreased with increasing molecular weights. These compounds are of potential prebiotic interest since they sediment to the surface of Titan, and would dissolve readily in transient aqueous pools that might be generated from time to time by impacts and volcanic     

Deuterium-free water (1H2O) in complex life-support systems of long-term space missions

Heavy water containing deuterium displays toxic property. It is stated that any quantity of a heavy isotope of hydrogen--deuterium--is undesirable to animals and plants. It was earlier shown by us that physical-chemical life support systems on board the "MIR" station fractionate (change) isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. Therefore, the problem of regenerative systems in habitable space objects should include removal, from water, of a heavy stable isotope of hydrogen--deuterium. In this article we consider one method of obtaining deuterium-free water--decomposition of distillate water in an electrolyser to hydrogen and oxygen with subsequent synthesis in a catalytic or high-temperature reactor. The influence of deuterium-free water on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana and Japanese quail is investigated. It is shown that with the help of the electrolysis method it is possible to fabricate water containing 80% less deuterium in comparison with SMOW. Experimentally, it is proved on a culture of Arabidopsis thaliana and Japanese quail that water with reduced contents of deuterium (80%) displays positive biological activity.     

Eutectic phases in ice facilitate nonenzymatic nucleic acid synthesis

Polymeric compounds similar to oligonucleotides are relevant to the origin of life and particularly to the concept of an RNA world. Although short oligomers of RNA can be synthesized nonenzymatically under laboratory conditions by second-order reactions in concentrated solutions, there is no consensus on how these polymers could have been synthesized de novo on the early Earth from dilute solutions of monomers. To address this question in the context of an RNA world, we have explored ice eutectic phases as a reaction medium. When an aqueous solution freezes, the solutes become concentrated in the spaces between the ice crystals. The increased concentration offsets the effect of the lower temperature and accelerates the reaction. Here we show that in the presence of metal ions in dilute solutions, frozen samples of phosphoimidazolide-activated uridine react within days at -18 degrees C to form oligouridylates up to 11 bases long. Product yields typically exceed 90%, and approximately 30% of the oligomers include one or more 3'-5' linkages. These conditions facilitate not only the notoriously difficult oligouridylate synthesis, but also the oligomerization of activated cytidylate, adenylate, and guanylate. To our knowledge, this represents the first report to indicate that ice matrices on the early Earth may have accelerated certain prebiotic polymerization reactions.