Ti6A14V的激光涂层

 <正> 1.引言 钛和钛合金的抗磨性差且难于润滑,为改善其抗磨性,尝试过许多表面处理方法,如氮化,氰化、在碳酸钾中控制氧化、电镀和硼化等,但是共同缺点是所得涂层太薄及处理过程不同程度地损害基体。目前工程上需要同基体结合力强且无缺陷的厚涂层。激光涂层处理对基体影响小,涂层质量高且厚度易调整,能在很大程度上满足工程上要求,所以激光涂层很有发展前途。     

GE积极应对防务预算削减

针对防务预算削减的局面,GE公司把准市场发展趋势,集中资金发展重点项目,将商业发动机的运作方式移植到军事领域,力图减小防务预算缩减带来的不利影响。     

Recent advances in chemical evolution and the origins of life

This paper discusses the already 60 year old ideas of Oparin and Haldane, who suggested that the first forms of life were anaerobic, heterotrophic bacteria coming from chemical abiotic synthesis of organic compounds.     

人造石英晶体不同生长区的热致发光

许多采用石英晶体的电子器件都工作在容易受到辐照的环境中。因此,研究辐照对石英晶体的影响是很重要的。我们在本文中指出,热致发光技术可以作为研究这个问题的一种好方法。我们将介绍在15—300°K温度范围内测量到的热致发光。已经分别获得Y切石英片各生长区(即+X、-X、+Z、-Z)的测量结果。该石英片是从未经扫描处理的电子级人造石英Y切生长棒上切割下来的。在这项工作中,我们首次发现在72°K、80°K、87°K和104°K时有很清晰的辉光峰。我们认为,在室温下经过X射线(50千伏、17毫安的白辐射)予辐照之后,仅仅出现在+X生长区(即135°K、162°K、178°K)的辉光峰可能与[Al_e_+]°中心有关。在+Z区样品中高于104°K的辉光峰完全不同于在+X区样品中看到的情况。在这个温度范围的所有辉光峰都随着室温下予辐照剂量的增大而逐渐减弱。从本文介绍的测量结果可以看出,一个或多个辉光峰相应于各个生长区存在的某种缺陷,而且它们的热致发光强度比例于石英中所含缺陷的密度。     

用声表面波传感器作惯性制导和水声检测

本文研究声表面波传感器在惯性制导和水声检测方面的应用。在水声检测中,由于声表面波石英的动态负载而不是静态负载导致声表面波振荡器的频谱信息包含有边带。研究已经证明,传感器样机的灵敏度(用信噪比表示)至少与普通水听器的相当。声表面波作加速度计可提供高准确度、大动态范围(10~6)和不用模-数转换就可获得数字输出。采用比较简单的数字处理技术,加速度计就能够提供惯性数据,例如速度和位移。对声表面波加速度计的总误差率的研究证明,它们的误差率始终小于每小时一海里。声表面波振荡器传感器在高性能、中等价格的传感器应用方面是一种很有希望的竞争者。     

Domain evolution and functional diversification of sulfite reductases

Sulfite reductases are key enzymes of assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfur metabolism, which occur in diverse bacterial and archaeal lineages. They share a highly conserved domain "C-X5-C-n-C-X3-C" for binding siroheme and iron-sulfur clusters that facilitate electron transfer to the substrate. For each sulfite reductase cluster, the siroheme-binding domain is positioned slightly differently at the N-terminus of dsrA and dsrB, while in the assimilatory proteins the siroheme domain is located at the C-terminus. Our sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the siroheme-binding domain shows that sulfite reductase sequences diverged from a common ancestor into four separate clusters (aSir, alSir, dsr, and asrC) that are biochemically distinct; each serves a different assimilatory or dissimilatory role in sulfur metabolism. The phylogenetic distribution and functional grouping in sulfite reductase clusters (dsrA and dsrB vs. aSiR, asrC, and alSir) suggest that their functional diversification during evolution may have preceded the bacterial/archaeal divergence.     

Physiological and biomechanical considerations for a human Mars mission

Evolving on Earth has made humans perfectly adapted, both physiologically and biomechanically, to its gravity and atmospheric conditions. Leaving the Earth and its protective environment, therefore, results in the degradation of a number of human systems. Long-duration stays on the International Space Station (ISS) are accompanied by significant effects on crew's cardiovascular, vestibular and musculoskeletal systems. Bone loss and muscle atrophy are experienced at a rate of 1-3% and 5% per month respectively, while VO2 (oxygen consumption) measurements are reduced by approximately 25% after a few weeks in space. If these figures are simply extrapolated, a future human mission to Mars will be seriously jeopardised and crews may find they cross the threshold of bone and muscle loss and aerobic fitness--ultimately with them being unable to return to Earth. When arriving on Mars, considerable biomechanical alterations will also occur. Optimum walking speeds will be approximately 30% lower and transitioning from a walk to a run will occur at a speed 25% slower. Peak vertical forces will be reduced by as much as 50%, while stride length, stride time and airborne time will all increase. On Mars, half as much energy will be required to travel the equivalent distance on Earth and it will be 65% more economical to run rather than to walk.     

先进的航天发动机试验

本文报导一种航天发动机的高空模拟点火试验。这种发动机综合利用了几种先进技术:90%固体燃料的端羟基聚丁二烯/铝粉/过氯酸铵/奥克托金推进剂;在凯夫拉壳体内的头端满装药;无支撑的整体喉部和收敛段入口;特轻的喷管和用充气膨胀的作动筒展开的可延伸出口锥。这次试验结束了法国欧洲动力公司和美国联合工艺公司化学系统分部之间为期两年的分工协作的研究和试制工作。所达到的比冲值被认为是复合推进剂在样机发动机中的一个最高记录。