波音的隐身火力圈外导弹

“联合空面火力圈外导弹”(JASSM)的竞争将随选定赢得合同的承包商,于1998年4月初结束。这种隐身的侧面倾斜的导弹具有两个相同的可互换的小展弦比弹翼和四个尾翼。全部六个控制面都可以各种组合的方式折叠,以便挂载在许多不同飞机上,包括挂载在B-2和F-117的内部。而且,导弹的平的底部提供一个大升力面,导弹有倾斜能力,使它能比其他导弹更迅速地转弯。 波音的JASSM巡航导弹方案从其80年代后期的“HaveSlick”保形武器项目发展而来。其设计思想是把导弹设计成可贴隐身飞机的蒙皮挂载,而不显著增加其雷达反射性。保形挂载仍然相当重要,因为对隐身飞机要考虑的一个主要问题是需要在内部弹舱内挂载所有武器,故其火力     

巴西航空工业公司瞄准军用运输机市场

巴西航空工业公司希望于今年底前决定是否开始研制一种军用运输机,以拓展其防务业务。     

B-2隐身轰炸机面对海外服役的挑战

据称,单机价格为22亿美元的B-2隐身轰炸机若到海外基地部署,就不能很好地维持其隐身特性,这是因为几乎每次飞行都会使飞机的表层造成一定的磨损,故每次飞行后都要对飞机表层的雷达波吸收材料进行修整,而新涂上的材料必须在特定的气候条件下逐步干燥固化才行.但是,现在只有B-2的驻地——密     

美国空军关注下一代电子战飞机

USAFSizesUpNextElectronicCombatAircraft美国一些制造商现在又开始忙于向空军提出用来替代EA—6B“徘徊者”老龄电于战飞机的后继机方案了。其中一种是“联合攻击战斗机”（JS）的派生型，还有就是考虑将F—22改装为具有电子战能力，使其能偷偷突防到敌空防区纵深，并将目标摧毁之。新电子战飞机计划被如此关注的主要原因是对科索沃冲突详细评估的结果。美国空军认为这场冲突显示对于各种信息收集和电子战飞机的需求要大大增加，特别是像EA—6B的后继机，并要大大扩展战术干扰空中力量，以保护隐身和常规的攻击飞机。如果能在2001…     

靶场标准化及自动化计划第二阶段

一、靶场背景 美国主要的航天发射场,包括东靶场(位于弗罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角)和西靶场(位于加利福尼亚州范登堡空军基地)起源于50年代,在随后的几十年内进行了逐步扩展和改进。直到前不久移交给空军空间司令部时,这些靶场才更多地用作研究和开发单位,而不只是操作运行单位。逐步改造使它们具备了支持发射新型航天器、弹道导弹以及逐步发展起来的     

欧洲的研究和发展计划旨在更清洁的发动机

AVIATIONWEEK》》&SPACETECHNOLOGYEuropeanRεDprojectsTargetCleanerEngines为在未来的民用发动机市场上占更多的份额，欧洲发动机公司正在实施环保型发动机研究计划，目标是大大减少CO。和NOX的排放，并降低拥有费用欧洲委员会已同意投资两项研究计划，旨在为商用飞机研究更清洁和更高效的发动机。这些称为技术平台的飞机发动机计划是根据欧洲委员会研究指挥部第5框架计划进行的，这些计划从2000年到2004年实施，是提高欧洲航字工业竞争性的一系列主要研究和发展计划的首批计划。根据第5框架计划投资的其他技术平台计划…     

A viable microbial community in a subglacial volcanic crater lake, Iceland

We describe a viable microbial community in a subglacial lake within the Grímsv?tn volcanic caldera, Iceland. We used a hot water drill to penetrate the 300-m ice shelf and retrieved lake water and volcanic tephra sediments. We also acquired samples of borehole water before and after penetration to the lake, overlying glacial ice and snow, and water from a nearby subaerial geothermal lake for comparative analyses. Lake water is at the freezing point and fresh (total dissolved solids = 260 mg L(-1)). Detectable numbers of cells were found in samples of the lake water column and tephra sediments: 2 x 10(4) ml(-1) and 4 x 10(7) g(-1), respectively. Plate counts document abundant cold-adapted cultivable organisms in the lake water, but not in the borehole (before penetration) or glacial ice. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from genomic DNA extracted from Grímsv?tn samples indicates that the lake community is distinct from the assemblages of organisms in borehole water (before penetration) and the overlying ice and snow. Sequencing of selected DGGE bands revealed that many sequences are highly similar to known psychrophilic organisms or cloned DNA from other cold environments. Significant uptake of 14C-labeled bicarbonate occurred in dark, low-temperature incubations of lake water samples, indicating the presence of autotrophs. Acetylene reduction assays under similar incubation conditions showed no significant nitrogen fixation potential by lake water samples. This may be a consequence of the inhibition of diazotrophy by nitrogen in the lake.     

Microcolonial fungi: survival potential of terrestrial vegetative structures

So far mainly spores or other "differentiated-for-survival" structures were considered to be resistant against extreme environmental constraints (including extraterrestrial challenges). Microcolonial fungi (MCF) are unique growth structures formed by eukaryotic microorganisms inhabiting rock varnish surfaces in terrestrial deserts. They are here proposed as a new object for exobiological study. Sun-exposed desert rocks provide surface habitats with intense solar radiation, a scarce water supply, drastic changes in temperature, and episodic to sporadic availability of nutrients. These challenging conditions reduce the diversity of life to MCF, whose resistance to desiccation and tolerance for ultraviolet (UV) radiation make them survival specialists. Based upon our studies of MCF, we propose that the following mechanisms are universally employed for survival on rock surfaces: (1) compact tissue-like colony organization formed by thermodynamically optimal round cells embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, (2) the presence of several types of UV-absorbing compounds (melanins and mycosporines) and antioxidants (carotenoids, melanins, and mycosporines) that convey multiple stress resistance to desiccation, temperature, and irradiation changes, and (3) intracellular developmental mechanisms typical for these structures.