一种受总体限制的弹用S弯进气道的设计和实验验证

在飞行器总体对发动机进气道长度、偏距和相贯位置有特定要求及叉形弹翼根部空间的限制情况下,设计了一种大偏距、短扩压的S弯进气道。进气道的设计特点是在唇口后保证有尽可能长的S弯扩压段,扩压段在采用合理的中心线变化规律和面积变化规律的情况下,通过变宽度的方法确定截面形状,以满足总体要求。风洞模型实验结果表明:1.进气道具有良好的气动性能,高的总压恢复系数(σ>0.985),较低的周向稳态总压畸变指数(Δσ0<1.0%)和径向稳态总压畸变指数(Δσp<2.8%);2.在一定马赫数下,进气道性能对正攻角和偏航角不敏感,仍保持高的总压恢复系数和低的畸变;3.进气道出口气流紊流度较低(—Tu<2.5%),因此进气道出口截面的总畸变指数低(w<3.0%)。     

10Be Production in the Atmosphere by Galactic Cosmic Rays

Galactic cosmic ray nuclei and energetic protons produced in solar flares and accelerated by coronal mass ejections are the main sources of high-energy particles of extraterrestrial origin in near-Earth space and inside the Earth’s atmosphere. The intensity of galactic cosmic rays inside the heliosphere is strongly influenced by the modulation of the interstellar source particles on their way through interplanetary space. Among others, this modulation depends on the activity of the Sun, and the resulting intensity of the energetic particles in the atmosphere is an indicator of the solar activity. Therefore, rare isotopes found in historical archives and produced by spallation reactions of primary and secondary hadrons of cosmic origin in the atmosphere, so-called cosmogenic nuclides, can be used to reconstruct the solar activity in the past. The production rate of ¹⁰Be, one of the cosmogenic nuclides most adequate to study the solar activity, is presented showing its variations with geographic latitude and altitude and the dependence on different production cross-sections present in literature. In addition, estimates for altitude integrated production rates of ¹⁰Be at different locations since the early nineteen sixties are shown.     

Geoscience for Understanding Habitability in the Solar System and Beyond

Space Science Reviews - This paper reviews habitability conditions for a terrestrial planet from the point of view of geosciences. It addresses how interactions between the interior of a planet or...     

铸造镁稀土合金研究现状及其在航空发动机领域应用展望

镁稀土合金密度低、比强度与比刚度高、耐热性能好、阻尼减振性优良,将其应用到航空发动机部件能实现装备减重、系统降噪,大幅提升飞行器的载重量和机动性能.首先对铸造镁稀土合金分类进行了介绍,阐述了不同镁稀土合金的强韧化机制;系统总结了镁稀土合金的各类铸造成型工艺并分析了其对合金组织性能的影响;然后归纳了现有航空发动机适航标准...     

Transforming Dust to Planets

We review recent progress in understanding how nebular dust and gas are converted into the planets of the present-day solar system, focusing particularly on the “Grand Tack” and pebble accretion scenarios. The Grand Tack can explain the observed division of the solar system into two different isotopic “flavours”, which are found in both differentiated and undifferentiated meteorites. The isotopic chronology inferred for the development of these two “flavours” is consistent with expectations of gas-giant growth and nebular gas loss timescales. The Grand Tack naturally makes a small Mars and a depleted, dynamically-excited and compositionally mixed asteroid belt (as observed); it builds both Mars and the Earth rapidly, which is consistent with the isotopically-inferred growth timescale of the former, but not the latter. Pebble accretion can explain the rapid required growth of Jupiter and Saturn, and the number of Kuiper Belt binaries, but requires specific assumptions to explain the relatively protracted growth timescale of Earth. Pure pebble accretion cannot explain the mixing observed in the asteroid belt, the fast proto-Earth spin rate, or the tilt of Uranus. No current observation requires pebble accretion to have operated in the inner solar system, but the thermal and compositional consequences of pebble accretion have yet to be explored in detail.     

Neutrinos from Supernovae

Neutrinos are fundamental particles in the collapse of massive stars. Because of their weakly interacting nature, neutrinos can travel undisturbed through the stellar core and be direct probes of the still uncertain and fascinating supernova mechanism. Intriguing recent developments on the role of neutrinos during the stellar collapse are reviewed, as well as our current understanding of the flavor conversions in the stellar envelope. The detection perspectives of the next burst and of the diffuse supernova background will be also outlined. High-energy neutrinos in the GeV-PeV range can follow the MeV neutrino emission. Various scenarios concerning the production of high-energy neutrinos are discussed.     

Recent Advancements and Motivations of Simulated Pluto Experiments

This review of Pluto laboratory research presents some of the recent advancements and motivations in our understanding enabled by experimental simulations, the need for experiments to facilitate models, and predictions for future laboratory work. The spacecraft New Horizons at Pluto has given a large amount of scientific data already rising to preliminary results, spanning from the geology to the atmosphere. Different ice mixtures have now been detected, with the main components being nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. Varying geology and atmospheric hazes, however, gives us several questions that need to be addressed to further our understanding. Our review summarizes the complexity of Pluto, the motivations and importance of laboratory simulations critical to understanding the low temperature and pressure environments of icy bodies such as Pluto, and the variability of instrumentation, challenges for research, and how simulations and modeling are complimentary.