Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

Validate the IRI2007 model by the COSMIC slant TEC data during the extremely solar minimum of 2008

During 2008, the solar activity is extremely low. The satellite observations show that the ionospheric height and electron density is much lower than the predictions by the international reference ionosphere (IRI) model. In this paper, we compared the slant total electron content (TEC) observed by the COSMIC satellites during 2008 with the IRI model results. It is found that the IRI model with IRI2001 and IRI2001 Cor. topside options will always overestimate the electron density in both lower and higher altitudes. But the rest two topside options (NeQuick, and TTS) tend to overestimate the electron density in the F layer and underestimate it in the topside altitudes. The switch altitude between overestimation and underestimation and the latitude-local time distribution of the model deviation depend on the topside option. The current investigation might be useful for the model improvement as well as data assimilation work based on the IRI model and the LEO TEC data.     

面向集中力扩散的回转曲面加筋拓扑优化方法

为了提高航天器回转曲面加筋型连接结构的集中力扩散效率,需要开展回转曲面加筋集中力扩散结构设计。传统放射肋设计方法普遍依赖设计经验、难以满足集中力高效扩散需求。因此,提出一种面向集中力扩散的回转曲面加筋拓扑优化方法。第1步,建立了一种基于各向异性过滤技术的集中力扩散拓扑优化方法,保证拓扑优化结果满足回转曲面加筋制造工艺要求;第2步,提出了一种基于网格变形技术的拓扑优化结果智能重构方法,可高效准确地对回转曲面加筋拓扑优化结果进行模型自动重构。基于所提出方法,以卫星平台对接环这种典型的回转曲面加筋壳为对象开展算例研究,并将优化结果与传统放射肋设计结果进行对比。结果表明,所提出的优化方法可得到加筋构型清晰、满足回转曲面加筋制造工艺要求的优化结果,且具有集中力扩散效率高、网格质量依赖性低、拓扑特征重构高效等优点。     

Lightning Related Transient Luminous Events at High Altitude in the Earth’s Atmosphere: Phenomenology, Mechanisms and Effects

This paper presents a literature survey on the recent developments related to experimental and modeling studies of transient luminous events (TLEs) in the middle atmosphere termed elves, sprites and jets that are produced in association with thunderstorm activity at tropospheric altitudes. The primary emphasis is placed on publications that appeared in refereed literature starting from year 2008 and up to the present date. The survey covers general phenomenology of TLEs and their relationships to characteristics of individual thunderstorms and lightning, physical mechanisms and modeling of TLEs, past, present and future orbital observations of TLEs, and their chemical, energetic and electric effects on local and global scales.     

车载小型天线座结构设计及分析

本文介绍了一种野外车载小型天线座,用于导弹发射时天线跟踪目标导弹,可以提供天线接收搜索导弹目标时两个转动方向的转角和跟踪位置,同时用有限元分析软件对天线座壳体进行了静力分析。具有体积小,重量轻,精度可靠等特点。     

A new power collection architecture for future spacecraft

The generalized tree-like transmission line network system having n layers in total with m-to-1 branch connection at each joint (T-TLNS-n-m) is proposed to replace the traditional series-parallel combined dc networks to automatically accumulate identically distributed power cells into the large amount of useful power for the spacecrafts. The proposed system has the attractive features of simple structure, easy construction and maintenance, and low cost, because two kinds of parts, ac current sources and m-to-1 transmission line (TL) branch connection parts, are used in the whole system. A method of implementing ac current cells having high output impedance is proposed to improve the power collection efficiency of the whole network system. Simulated results show that that low-pass nominal /spl pi/- or T-circuit with high characteristic impedance, which is used for the voltage source to current source converter in the current cell, improves the efficiency of the voltage inverter, filters out the harmonics, and increases the output impedance of the whole current cell.     

热交换对喷气发动机过渡过程影响分析

给出一种用于估算气流与零部件间热交换对过渡过程影响的方法。利用该方法计算了某双轴涡扇发动机在加速过程中各主要零部件与气流间的热交换随加速时间的变化，各部件热交换对推力响应的影响；计算和分析了该发动机在相同供油规律下“冷”和“热”两种加速过程，估算了典型部件换热面积和质量对加速性的影响。计算结果的分析表明：高温部件与气流的热交换对喷气发动机的过渡过程有不容忽视的影响；相同供油规律下由于热交换使“冷”和“热”加速过程的差异十分显著，“冷”加速过程允许采用补偿供油改善加速性；零部件换热面积和质量的估算精度对加速性有一定的影响，但不显著。     

ATP弹性体的制备及其热分解特性和机理研究

以ATP为粘合剂、N-100为固化剂制备出ATP弹性体,并进行了性能表征.采用DSC/TG-FTIR-MS联用技术、高压DSC技术和热裂解快速扫描傅里叶变换红外技术(RSC/FITR),研究了叠氮类粘合剂ATP弹性体热分解过程,获得了ATP弹性体的热反应动力学参数,并提出了可能的分解机理.结果表明,ATP弹性体的热分解...     

极端温度下含隙铰柔性帆板展开位置精度分析

以自主研发的月球车重复可展帆板为研究对象，分析月表极端温度对其展开末端位置可靠性的影响。构建极端温度与帆板材料、铰链结构间的关系函数，基于运动弹性动力学，建立极端温度下可展帆板间隙-柔性耦合动力学模型。以帆板展开末端位置误差为评价指标，将BP神经网络算法与一次二阶矩法相结合，利用应 力- 强度理论建立帆板展开末端位置可靠性模型，通过算例分析对比不同极端温度下的可靠性指标。用经典MC法计算进行对比验证，确定神经网络方法的可行性、高效性。结果表明，极端温度条件下，铰间隙对于位置可靠性的影响显著，温度区间在-30 ℃~20 ℃时，机构展开末端位置可靠性最优。