用单台摄影机的脱靶量测量

由一台靶载高速摄影机的数据可以给出导弹的弹道和脱靶距离。该报告导出了理论解,并简要地说明了如何修改该解法以便用计算机处理实际数据。还给出了误差源及其数量级。     

IRIG标准介绍

IRIG是靶场间测量组的缩写,它是美国靶场司令委员会(RCC)的下属机构。RCC是1951年8月成立的,它还设有导弹地面安全组、导弹飞行安全组、靶场使用计划组、资料组和秘书处。其中IRIG是最大的也是最早成立的。早在导弹发展初期、空间计划诞生之前就形成了,于1952年5月第二次靶场司令会议上正式成立的,其下设十个技术组和一个指导委员会。指导委员会由各靶场代表、三军代表(空军系统司令部、陆军器材司令部、海军航空兵系统司令部)、国防部、国家航空航天局(NASA)、国家标准局代表组成。十个技术组为:电     

Sunspot dynamics are reflected in human physiology and pathophysiology

Periodic episodes of increased sunspot activity (solar electromagnetic storms) occur with 10-11 and 5-6 year periodicities and may be associated with measurable biological events. We investigated whether this sunspot periodicity characterized the incidence of Pap smear-determined cervical epithelial histopathologies and human physiologic functions. From January 1983 through December 2003, monthly averages were obtained for solar flux and sunspot numbers; six infectious, premalignant and malignant changes in the cervical epithelium from 1,182,421 consecutive, serially independent, screening Pap smears (59°9″N, 4°29″E); and six human physiologic functions of a healthy man (oral temperature, pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiration, and peak expiratory flow), which were measured ～5 times daily during ～34,500 self-measurement sessions (44°56″N, 93°8″W). After determining that sunspot numbers and solar flux, which were not annually rhythmic, occurred with a prominent 10-year and a less-prominent 5.75-year periodicity during this 21-year study span, each biological data set was analyzed with the same curve-fitting procedures. All six annually rhythmic Pap smear-detected infectious, premalignant and malignant cervical epithelial pathologies showed strong 10-year and weaker 5.75-year cycles, as did all six self-measured, annually rhythmic, physiologic functions. The phases (maxima) for the six histopathologic findings and five of six physiologic measurements were very near, or within, the first two quarters following the 10-year solar maxima. These findings add to the growing evidence that solar magnetic storm periodicities are mirrored by cyclic phase-locked rhythms of similar period length or lengths in human physiology and pathophysiology.     

光电式向量脱靶量测量系统

本文介绍了太平洋导弹试验中心研究的全电子光电式向量脱靶量测量系统(VSS)。机组编队训练以及武器系统试验和鉴定都需要脱靶量测量系统。利用VSS来确定脱靶距离在60米以内的脱靶距离和弹道数据。为了满足导弹和引信系统的试验和鉴定要求,需要向量脱靶距离。在80财政年度期间,加里福尼亚州戈利塔的圣巴巴拉研究中心(SBRC)为海军设计、制造并试验了一台探索性研制型(EDM)VSS。因为该EDM满足并超过了所有的设计指标,所以海军让SBRC设计、制造、试验更先进的研制型VSS。     

帧转移电荷耦合装置用于高速成象

固态成象装置正在越来越多地取代许多领域中的传统摄影技术。本文介绍一种高速摄象机,它利用帧转移CCD成象器的两个特点,也就是同时完成积累过程以及随后的电荷分布向存贮器的转移。本文给出该系统的详细说明及其在研究液流分解工作中的应用。     

Did mineral surface chemistry and toxicity contribute to evolution of microbial extracellular polymeric substances?

Abstract Modern ecological niches are teeming with an astonishing diversity of microbial life in biofilms closely associated with mineral surfaces, which highlights the remarkable success of microorganisms in conquering the challenges and capitalizing on the benefits presented by the mineral-water interface. Biofilm formation capability likely evolved on early Earth because biofilms provide crucial cell survival functions. The potential toxicity of mineral surfaces toward cells and the complexities of the mineral-water-cell interface in determining the toxicity mechanisms, however, have not been fully appreciated. Here, we report a previously unrecognized role for extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which form biofilms in shielding cells against the toxicity of mineral surfaces. Using colony plating and LIVE/DEAD staining methods in oxide suspensions versus oxide-free controls, we found greater viability of wild-type, EPS-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 compared to their isogenic knockout mutant with defective biofilm-producing capacity. Oxide toxicity was specific to its surface charge and particle size. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and assays for highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) on mineral surfaces suggested that EPS shield via both physical and chemical mechanisms. Intriguingly, qualitative as well as quantitative measures of EPS production showed that toxic minerals induced EPS production in bacteria. By determining the specific toxicity mechanisms, we provide insight into the potential impact of mineral surfaces in promoting increased complexity of cell surfaces, including EPS and biofilm formation, on early Earth. Key Words: Mineral toxicity-Bacteria-EPS evolution-Biofilms-Cytotoxicity-Silica-Anatase-Alumina. Astrobiology 12, 785-798.