水洞动态测力和流动显示一体化实验技术

研制能够用于低速水流中的三分量内式测力天平,结合氢气泡(或染色液)方法,在水洞(槽)中实现测力和流动显示实验同步进行的动态实验系统,克服了通常测力和流动显示分别在风洞和水洞中进行,实验条件不同给结果分析带来的困难。天平采用高精度位移传感器,避开传统的应变片技术应用于水中所遇到的技术困难。简易飞行器模型的静态和等速俯仰实验结果表明了测量系统的可靠性。     

A new dynamic pushback control method for reducing fuel-burn costs: Using predicted taxi-out time

Long departure-taxi-out time leads to significant airport surface congestion, fuel-burn costs, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. To reduce these undesirable effects, a Predicted taxi-out time-based Dynamic Pushback Control(PDPC) method is proposed. The implementation of this method requires two steps: first, the taxi-out times for aircraft are predicted by the leastsquares support-vector regression approach of which the parameters are optimized by an introduced improved Firefly algorithm. Then, a dynamic pushback control model equipped with a linear gate-hold penalty function is built, along with a proposed iterative taxiway queue-threshold optimization algorithm for solving the model. A case study with data obtained from Beijing International airport(PEK) is presented. The taxi-out time prediction model achieves predictive accuracy within 3 min and 5 min by 84.71% and 95.66%, respectively. The results of the proposed pushback method show that total operation cost and fuel-burn cost achieve a 14.0% and 21.1%reduction, respectively, as compared to the traditional K-control policy.(3) From the perspective of implementation, using PDPC policy can significantly reduce the queue length in taxiway and taxi-out time. The total operation cost and fuel-burn cost can be curtailed by 37.2% and 52.1%,respectively, as compared to the non-enforcement of any pushback control mechanism. These results show that the proposed pushback control model can reduce fuel-burn costs and airport surface congestion effectively.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

经纬向传播的甚低频台站信号对太阳耀斑响应特征的差异性分析

为了揭示太阳耀斑发生期间沿着经纬向传播的甚低频台站信号受到扰动的差异性,文章基于随州观测站的甚低频数据,分析了2017年9月8日经向传播的NWC台站信号和纬向传播的JJI台站信号对太阳耀斑的响应特征,比较了两条路径上信号的幅度对同一太阳耀斑响应的异同.结果表明:NWC信号的响应只有先上升再恢复1种,而JJI信号有先上升...     

迎角受限的高超声速飞行器固定时间鲁棒控制

针对高超声速飞行器动力学模型强耦合、非对称时变迎角限制、气动参数高度不确定以及跟踪误差收敛速率要求高等问题,设计了一种考虑非对称时变迎角限制的高超声速飞行器固定时间非奇异切换控制策略。为了解决非对称时变迎角限制问题,首先限制迎角虚拟控制器的幅值并设计固定时间误差补偿系统补偿迎角虚拟控制器饱和带来的不利影响,然后设计了一种新的光滑切换的非对称时变障碍函数限制迎角跟踪误差,从而使迎角满足非对称时变限制。光滑切换技术以及固定时间收敛技术也应用于其他虚拟控制律和实际控制律的设计中,以避免奇异值问题并且保证闭环系统的固定时间稳定。此外,设计了一种固定时间稳定的鲁棒补偿器用以补偿系统不确定性带来的不利影响。严格的数学推导证明了本文方法的正确性,仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性和优越性。     

民用航空器研制中制造符合性声明的使用

制造符合性声明是申请人签署后,提交局方进行制造符合性检查的重要文件。在型号研制阶段,申请人签署制造符合性声明,向局方表明符合设计资料,局方进行检查并确定是否安全可用;在依据型号合格证进行生产阶段,申请人签署制造符合性声明,向局方表明符合设计资料并处于安全可用状态,局方进行检查得到确认后签发适航批准证书;在获得生产批准后,申请人无需提交制造符合性声明,即可获得局方签发的适航批准证书。通过对中国民用航空局、美国联邦航空局和欧洲航空安全局适航规章的要求进行比较,对制造符合性声明在不同阶段的作用进行研究和探讨。     

有人无人直升机协同搜潜效能研究

通过分析直升机搜潜的任务过程,结合蒙特卡洛法的随机抽样特性,建立了基于蒙特卡洛法的效能 评估模型,用以评估直升机使用浮标搜潜的成功概率。基于仿真实验对有人直升机搜潜、无人直升机双机编组 搜潜、有无人直升机协同搜潜的效能进行了对比分析。     

空间相机电子设备热设计

电子设备是空间相机重要发热源,需要通过合理的热设计将热量及时导走,维持电子元器件温度不致过高。根据空间相机各电子设备所处空间环境、结构特点及内部电子元器件热特性,提出了相应的多种不同的热设计方法,采用热仿真分析、热平衡试验两种方法对设计进行了验证,对比了两种方法所获取的温度数据。结果表明两种方法所获取元器件结温均满足温度降额指标要求,且相差不大,充分验证了热设计方案的有效性和仿真分析的准确性。     

基于图像特征融合的粉末床缺陷检测方法

针对单一特征对粉末床缺陷表达不明确导致检测效果不佳的问题,提出了一种基于特征融合的增材制造过程粉末床缺陷视觉检测方法。该算法分别使用SIFT方法、灰度共生矩阵和Hu不变矩提取尺度空间特征、纹理特征和几何特征,借助词袋模型对每张图像构建3组视觉单词直方图,通过串行融合3组视觉单词直方图得到新的特征矩阵,采用特征选择对融合后特征矩阵进行降维,并传入随机森林分类器中进行训练。实验结果表明,不同特征对粉末床不同类型缺陷检测具有不同的贡献,优化特征融合参数后,算法平均准确率达到97.46%,缺陷检测效果明显提升。