水洞动态测力和流动显示一体化实验技术

研制能够用于低速水流中的三分量内式测力天平,结合氢气泡(或染色液)方法,在水洞(槽)中实现测力和流动显示实验同步进行的动态实验系统,克服了通常测力和流动显示分别在风洞和水洞中进行,实验条件不同给结果分析带来的困难。天平采用高精度位移传感器,避开传统的应变片技术应用于水中所遇到的技术困难。简易飞行器模型的静态和等速俯仰实验结果表明了测量系统的可靠性。     

A new dynamic pushback control method for reducing fuel-burn costs: Using predicted taxi-out time

Long departure-taxi-out time leads to significant airport surface congestion, fuel-burn costs, and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases. To reduce these undesirable effects, a Predicted taxi-out time-based Dynamic Pushback Control(PDPC) method is proposed. The implementation of this method requires two steps: first, the taxi-out times for aircraft are predicted by the leastsquares support-vector regression approach of which the parameters are optimized by an introduced improved Firefly algorithm. Then, a dynamic pushback control model equipped with a linear gate-hold penalty function is built, along with a proposed iterative taxiway queue-threshold optimization algorithm for solving the model. A case study with data obtained from Beijing International airport(PEK) is presented. The taxi-out time prediction model achieves predictive accuracy within 3 min and 5 min by 84.71% and 95.66%, respectively. The results of the proposed pushback method show that total operation cost and fuel-burn cost achieve a 14.0% and 21.1%reduction, respectively, as compared to the traditional K-control policy.(3) From the perspective of implementation, using PDPC policy can significantly reduce the queue length in taxiway and taxi-out time. The total operation cost and fuel-burn cost can be curtailed by 37.2% and 52.1%,respectively, as compared to the non-enforcement of any pushback control mechanism. These results show that the proposed pushback control model can reduce fuel-burn costs and airport surface congestion effectively.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

一种用于舰船CNS/RLG-SINS组合导航系统校准的分段估计方法研究

分析了“天文测姿+惯性导航”组合导航滤波模型的可观测性问题,在状态不完全可观的条件下,提出采用分段滤波的方法可以分别对加速度计误差和陀螺漂移误差进行有效估计,此方法仅要求每段滤波开始前外部提供一次准确的初始位置和速度信息。结合舰载导航需求背景,设计仿真模型。仿真结果表明：采用分段滤波方法,加速度计常值偏置和陀螺常值漂移均可以得到充分估计;对惯性器件误差进行标校、补偿后,24小时的位置误差可由补偿前的3.6海里减小到补偿后的0.5海里。     

飞机备件的供应保障

从装备的使用和维修的角度出发,介绍了飞机备件的选用原则和配置要求,给出了备件的确定、备件的种类及数量的计算方法,并介绍了国外常用后勤综合保障软件OPUS10,可供备件保障研究人员参考。     

各向同性热解炭材料中的缺陷分析和超声检测技术

利用偏光金相显微镜和超声探伤仪对高性能机械密封用块体各向同性热解炭材料中的缺陷进行表征和无损检测.偏光显微观察发现,各向同性热解炭材料中的主要缺陷主要包括三种:各向异性夹杂、裂纹和各向同性夹杂.超声实验研究表明,利用脉冲反射法超声波检测技术可有效检出各向同性热解炭制件中存在的上述缺陷.目前该技术已成功地用于各向同性热解...     

某战斗机高速全模颤振风洞试验研究

为了验证高速风洞全模颤振试验技术以及获取某战斗机颤振安全边界,运用风洞试验的方法研究了某战斗机全模颤振特性,重点考察了模型在支撑系统上的稳定性、安全性以及典型颤振特性。结果表明:采用悬浮支撑系统可以使颤振模型具有除轴向以外的5个方向的运动自由度以及较好的稳定性和安全性;跨声速时的非线性气动力与速压较高时的结构非线性对全机颤振特性有较大影响,导致模态参数与颤振稳定性参数随速压呈非线性变化;振动波形图显示了该模型颤振形式为缓和型颤振,验证了模型设计时的计算结果。     

接地体的冲击电阻的分析与计算

在分析雷电电磁脉冲、核电磁脉冲等电磁脉冲(EMP)对地面电子设备可能造成的损害,以及电磁脉冲感应电流在接地体中的散流特性的基础上,给出了简单接地体的冲击接地作用的度量参数和冲击接地电阻的计算方法,并举例求得一个接地体的冲击接地电阻,为实际工程提供理论依据。     

某型航空发动机应急放油系统研究

针对某型航空发动机在地面应急放油时发生的停车故障,对该型发动机应急放油系统进行了深入的理论分析,并采用5 kHz的采样频率采集数据,进行大量的发动机台架试车和装机试车,通过微观分析,找出该型发动机停车故障的1种特殊原因.在精确分析的基础上,对应急放油系统采取改进设计,并通过试验进行了设计改进后的试车和试飞验证,在应急放油附件管接头通往加力泵接通活门管接头的内部增加φ=1.0 mm的节流嘴,使应急放油接通时主燃油喷嘴前、后压差最低值提高200～700 kPa,并且增加节流嘴后对发动机其他功能和性能无影响,从而可靠地解决了原有应急放油系统的缺陷,有效排除了某型航空发动机在地面应急放油时发生的停车故障.