Aeroservoelastic stability analysis for flexible aircraft based on a nonlinear coupled dynamic model

A unified theoretical aeroservoelastic stability analysis framework for flexible aircraft is established in this paper. This linearized state space model for stability analysis is based on nonlinear coupled dynamic equations, in which rigid and elastic motions of aircraft are both considered. The common body coordinate system is utilized as the reference frame in the deduction of dynamic equations, and significant deformations of flexible aircraft are also fully concerned without any excessive assumptions. Therefore, the obtained nonlinear coupled dynamic models can well reflect the special dynamic coupling mechanics of flexible aircraft. For aeroservoelastic stability analysis, the coupled dynamic equations are linearized around the nonlinear equilibrium state and together with a control system model to establish a state space model in the time domain. The methodology in this paper can be easily integrated into the industrial design process and complex structures. Numerical results for a complex flexible aircraft indicate the necessity to consider the nonlinear coupled dynamics and large deformation when dealing with aeroservoelastic stability for flexible aircraft.     

大展弦比飞机运动稳定性建模及分析

随着飞机设计技术的提高和新型材料的应用,现代飞机气动弹性效应越来越显著,刚体运动和弹性体振动互相解耦的关系不再明显,在分析弹性飞机相关问题时,应该综合地、统一地考虑飞行动力学与气动弹性力学问题。本文在一般体轴系下综合考虑了飞机刚体运动自由度和弹性振动自由度,建立弹性飞机刚弹耦合运动的方程,通过在配平状态下引入小扰动运动假设,以及利用有理函数拟合技术将偶极子格网法计算所得到的频域非定常气动力转化为时域形式,建立了大柔性飞机刚弹耦合小扰动状态空间方程,并对纵向运动稳定性进行分析计算。针对文中构型飞机,运用本文所采用的方法计算所得结果与传统的线性及刚体计算所得结果进行对比分析,非线性计算方法所得颤振速度更小,而且失稳模态亦发生变化,对于飞行力学模态而言,长周期模态稳定性变差,在计算速度范围内出现失稳的现象,由此说明机翼大变形对飞机稳定性所带来的影响。     

扩展分支分析方法在飞行动力学中的应用

将分支分析和突变理论方法扩展后,应用于飞机全包线范围内平衡特性的连续计算和稳定性分析,提出了以扩展分支分析方法为基础的反馈参数连续调参的控制律设计方法。研究结果表明,扩展分支分析方法不仅能获得飞行性能指标,而且可确定非线性飞行动力学系统的稳定特性,是综合进行性能计算、品质分析及控制律设计的一种有效方法。     

实验用航空发动机磁悬浮轴承样机的稳定性分析

介绍了国内、外磁悬浮技术在航空发动机中的最新应用水平,推导了磁悬浮轴承-柔性转子系统动力学理论,并将其应用于磁悬浮轴承样机的稳定性分析中,解决了国内以往磁悬浮样机试验稳定转速达不到设计工作转速的问题,最后进一步提出了磁悬浮技术在航空发动机领域中的系统动力学设计思想。     

基于可拓学的大型复杂航空飞行器效费权衡研究

大型复杂航空飞行器的研制生产与应用涉及大量随机因素和模糊因素,客观权衡效能和费用成为其全寿命周期管理的核心问题。研究效费权衡分析主要方法的适用条件,提出可拓学理论及方法并从总体架构、物元模型和应用过程三方面研究大型复杂航空飞行器效费权衡分析中的适用性;以某复杂航空飞行器为例,构建效能和费用测度指标体系,检验可拓学及物元法的可行性。结果表明:飞行器效费权衡方案受其固有能力、人工成本和材料成本的制约,多重约束下可拓学的优度评价得出了复杂飞行器效费权衡的最优方案。     

考虑刚体/弹性耦合的飞机动稳定性研究

以大展弦比无人机为例,研究刚体运动对飞机纵向气动伺服弹性(ASE)稳定性以及弹性运动对飞机纵向飞行力学稳定性的影响。针对带有反馈控制的飞机,建立了时域的刚体/弹性耦合运动方程;以刚体运动频率与一阶弹性频率的比值为参数,分别研究有无刚体模态时的ASE系统稳定裕度和有无弹性模态时的飞行力学稳定裕度。数值仿真表明,当飞机刚体运动频率与一阶弹性频率的比值大于0.01时,飞机刚体运动对ASE稳定裕度的影响逐渐显现;当该频率比值大于0.03时,飞机弹性运动对飞行力学稳定裕度的影响开始突现;当该频率比大于1时,刚体弹性耦合效应不可忽略。     

飞机的全局稳定性分析和非线性控制

现代军用飞机常设计为在大迎角下飞行。此时飞机是一个高度非线性系统，其稳定特性不能用线性方法求解。而实现控制，特别是在非线性不稳定性的情况下，更是十分困难的。本文介绍了一种综合的分析飞机非线性稳定性和控制的方法。即用分岐理论来决定飞机的全局稳定性。用四阶龙格－库塔积分来计算飞机运动的平衡面和分岐点，并构造运动状态的扰动传播矩阵，而此矩阵的特征值可用来预测稳定性的时变性。此外，还利用扰动传播矩阵来求得为满足规定的飞机反应特性（通常由频率和阻尼表示）所需的操纵，即各操纵面反馈回路的放大系数值。对典型飞机的算例计算结果表明，非线性控制是成功的。     

On the stability of flexible aircraft

The problem of aircraft stability has been a subject of concern since the beginnings of flight. Traditionally, aircraft stability has been treated within the confines of two separate disciplines, namely, flight dynamics and aeroelasticity. Based on some recent developments in the dynamics and control of flexible aircraft, this investigation uses the system concept to provide a broader approach to aircraft stability in an attempt to bridge the gap between stability as understood in flight dynamics and stability as envisioned in aeroelasticity. To this end, stability is studied in the following four cases: 1) dynamics of whole flexible aircraft using the unified formulation, 2) flight dynamics of quasi-rigid aircraft (aircraft treated as rigid), 3) aeroelasticity of flexible components, such as cantilever wing, cantilever horizontal stabilizer, etc., and 4) aeroelasticity of restrained flexible aircraft (aircraft fixed to a point, hence, having no rigid body degrees of freedom). The paper also presents a method to address the stability of flexible aircraft when the compressibility correction factor is known only at some discrete Mach numbers.     

推力协同的大柔性飞行器纵向姿态控制

为了研究大柔性飞行器飞行/结构耦合动力学特性,提出了改进的面向控制的大柔性飞行器多体模型,开展了大柔性飞行器纵向动力学耦合特性分析与推力协同下纵向姿态控制律设计。采用二面角动态近似描述大柔性飞行器结构动力学特征,并推导了纵向耦合动力学模型。根据改进模型在配平点处的线性化模型,分析了飞行/结构耦合系统的纵向稳定性与结构变形量之间的关系。针对大柔性飞行器姿态稳定与跟踪,设计了纵向姿态控制器。与常规飞行器相比,大柔性飞行器飞行过程中会发生大变形,当载荷较大时,配平构型近似“U”形,此时纵向动力学具有长周期不稳定的特征。分析结果表明:大柔性飞行器各模态之间的耦合程度随着变形的增大而增大。此外,纵向姿态控制需要升降舵与推力协同控制速度和俯仰角并且考虑结构动力学的影响,否则飞行/结构的耦合作用会导致姿态跟踪误差衰减缓慢甚至发散。      

Aircraft nonlinear stability analysis and multidimensional stability region estimation under icing conditions

Icing is one of the crucial factors that could pose great threat to flight safety,and thus research on stability and stability region of aircraft safety under icing conditions is significant for control and flight.Nonlinear dynamical equations and models of aerodynamic coefficients of an air craft are set up in this paper to study the stability and stability region of the aircraft under an icing condition.Firstly,the equilibrium points of the iced aircraft system are calculated and analyzed based on the theory of differential equation stability.Secondly,according to the correlation theory about equilibrium points and the stability region,this paper estimates the multidimensional stability region of the aircraft,based on which the stability regions before and after icing are compared.Finally,the results are confirmed by the time history analysis.The results can give a reference for stability analysis and envelope protection of the nonlinear system of an iced aircraft.     

飞控系统的模糊模型及其研究

在Takagi-Sugeno模型的基础上,建立了飞控系统的模糊模型。讨论了该模型的整体渐近稳定性,给出了判定该模型的整体渐近稳定的充分条件和满足一定条件的控制器的设计方法。最后对国产某飞机的纵向短周期运动系统的分析说明本文的模型是合适的,方法是有效的。     

Integrated fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a flexible regional aircraft

The article focuses on the design and application of an active reconfigurable controller that mitigates the effects of gust load and actuator faults on a flexible aircraft. A novel integrated adaptive output feedback scheme is investigated to address the actuator faults. The real-time fault values provided by the fault estimation module are considered in the reconfigurable control law to improve the fault-tolerant capability. The estimate values of faults and control gains are calculated by anal...     

飞机结构中柔性件装配偏差分析与控制研究进展

飞机柔性结构的装配偏差分析与控制一直是飞机装配中的难点,随着复合材料在飞机结构中的广泛应用,这一问题越发明显.采用预浸料固化工艺的复合材料零件具有制造偏差大、非主应力方向在装配过程中容易损伤等特点,对柔性件装配中的偏差分析和控制提出了更高的要求.如何合理地进行容差分配、工艺补偿、过约束装配以满足装配后的性能要求,是目前...     

飞机急滚稳定性的一种简化分析方法

本文给出了预估飞机急滚全局稳定性的一种简化分析方法。该方法有两个特点;(1)所需气动数据少;(2)计算方法简单易行。算例表明,简化解与精确解在小迎角时吻合得极好,在大迎角时数值差异稍大,但变化趋势一致。此外,本文还分析了气动导数对急滚稳定性的影响,发现了平衡解的一些特殊变化。     

飞行轨迹稳定性应用的分析

首先根据飞行轨迹稳定性的数学模型，得出了飞机在闭环条件下扰动过程速度的变化规律及飞行轨迹稳定性的应用条件，并且结合不同类型的飞机进行了对比分析。然后以推力曲线为基础分析了不同类型飞机的临速度范围，并根据飞机级曲线对飞行轨迹稳定性界状态与有利速度的关系进行了分析。     

高机动性飞机大迎角全局稳定性研究

为了研究高机动性飞机大迎角时的全局稳定性,建立了飞机的非线性动力学方程和气动力模型。应用微分方程定性理论,通过对算例的分析,讨论了目前飞机设计中常用的稳定性判据(如(C_(nβ))_(dyn)和LCDP等)与平衡点处线化矩阵特征值之间的关系。结果表明这些判据可以从飞机在特定状态下的线化矩阵经简化得到。因此,它们只能预测大迎角的局部稳定性。若考虑全局稳定性则必须用本文所给的方法进行。最后,指出了平衡点和周期吸引子与机翼摇晃、偏离和尾旋之间的关系,并用时间过程作了验证。     

盒式布局飞机的纵向飞行品质研究

为了获得盒式布局飞机的飞行品质特征,对新型亚声速盒式布局飞机的气动特性进行了计算,采用时域分析的方法对其纵向模态进行了分析,并与常规飞机的特性进行了比较,提出了改善盒式布局飞机飞行品质的有效措施。研究结果表明,盒式布局飞机具有良好的升阻特性和特殊的纵向操稳特性。     

Fault-tolerant control and vibration suppression of flexible spacecraft: An interconnected system approach

This paper considers a fault-tolerant control and vibration suppression problem of flexible spacecraft. The attitude dynamics is modeled by an interconnected system, in which the rigid part and the flexible part are coupled with each other. Such a model allows us to use the interconnected system approach to analyze the flexible spacecraft. Both distributed and decentralized observer-based fault-tolerant control schemes are developed, under which the closed-loop stability of flexible spacecraft can be ensured by using the cycle-small-gain theorem. Compared with the traditional method, this paper considers the faults occurred not only in the rigid parts, but also in the flexible parts. In addition, the application of the interconnected system approach simplifies the system model of flexible spacecraft, thereby the difficulty of theoretical analysis and engineering practice of fault-tolerant control of flexible spacecraft are greatly reduced. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods and the comparison of different fault-tolerant control approach.     

基于蒙皮内形定位的飞机壁板柔性装配系统

针对飞机壁板数字化、柔性化制造需求,提出一种基于蒙皮内形定位的飞机壁板柔性装配方法,通过有限元参数化建模,应用蒙皮支撑点寻优算法,实现卡板布局优化设计.根据壁板组件各零件的定位要求,详细设计了壁板柔性装配系统中长桁、蒙皮、角片的柔性定位方式,开发了基于EtherCAT总线的分布式网络控制系统用于完成整个壁板的装配.本系...     

基于混合遗传算法求解飞机平衡状态

通过分析飞机平衡状态的基本特性和现有配平算法存在的问题,提出了一种求解不同类型飞机多种平衡状态的通用方法。该方法与飞机模型结构无关,只利用配平约束进行计算,算法采用与单纯形相结合的混合遗传算法,提高了搜索速度与精度。仿真结果表明这种方法具有较好的收敛性与稳定性。