基于Traits泛化技术的SLE API编译码处理

在对CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据咨询委员会)制定的SLE(Space Link Extension,空间链路扩展)的标准API(Application Program Interface,应用程序接口)设计开发过程中,需要对各种不同服务类型的操作进行ASN.1(Abstract Syntax Notation One,抽象语法标记1)编码译码,使用一般方法处理会存在大量的冗余且可扩展性不强。因此,设计了基于Traits技术的SLE API编码译码泛化模型,该模型从服务、协议数据单元、操作等3个层级,以及编码、译码这2个方向分别定义模板,并进行特化、偏特化以及萃取,从而实现了对编码、译码过程的泛化,并通过实例描述了应用过程。该模型有效提高了SLE API设计的灵活性、层次性、通用性,以及SLE服务的可拓展性。     

无线光通信系统中极化码编译码技术

大气无线光通信系统中的湍流运动会降低系统误码性能。为此,将Polar编译码技术引入无线光通信系统中,研究了极化码编码方法及其加入循环冗余校验的列表连续消除(Cyclic Redundancy Check-Successive Cancella-tion List,CRC-SCL)译码原理,并分别在高斯和湍流信道条件下进行了误码性能的蒙特卡洛仿真。结果分析表明,Polar编码对大气湍流信道的无线光通信系统可靠性有明显改善,在误码率为10-3时,相较于未编码系统,基于CRC-SCL译码的Polar编码技术可获得约6.3 dB的编码增益。同时,码长越长,码率越低,编码系统误码性能越佳。     

Efficient exhaustive search for optimal-peak-sidelobe binary codes

The work presented here describes an exhaustive search for minimum peak sidelobe level (PSL) binary codes, combining several devices for efficiency. These include combinatoric tree search techniques, the use of PSL-preserving symmetries to reduce search space, data representations and operations for fast sidelobe computation, and a partitioning scheme for parallelism. All balanced 64-bit minimum PSL codes are presented, and the upper limit on known consecutive lengths to have PSL = 4 codes is extended to 70. In addition, a technique for determining balance properties of a code for given PSL-preserving transformations is developed.     

一种适用于FPGA的LDPC编码设计

与Turbo码相比,LDPC码有更好的性能和更低的解码复杂度,但其缺点是编码复杂。根据Richardson和Urbanke(RU)建议的编码方案,本文提出了一种适于在FPGA上实现的LDPC编码方案,其复杂度随码长呈线性增长。该方案可灵活应用于不同的校验矩阵H,码长和码率的系统中。     

Magnetic field measurements in space

Conclusions The magnetosphere boundary has been penetrated in several places, conflicting evidence about the ring current location has been found, and the field exterior to the boundary has revealed some unexpected features. Pronouncements about the structure of the geomagnetic and interplanetary magnetic fields are still based on scanty evidence but the experimental basis of such estimates is more adequate than in 1958.The boundary between the geomagnetic field and the interplanetary medium has been found, by Explorer XII, to be located at approximately 10 R _E on the sunlit side of the earth near the equator. It has been observed to fluctuate between 8 and 12 R _E during August, September and October of 1961. During several days in March, 1961, the boundary, on the dark side of the earth, was penetrated repeatedly by Explorer X on an outbound pass near 135° from the earth-sun line. Several interpretations are possible; the most reasonable one at present is that the boundary was fluctuating in this period, placing the satellite alternately inside the geomagnetic field and outside in a region of turbulent magnetic fields and plasma flow.A region of turbulent magnetic fields was also observed by Pioneer I, Pioneer V, and Explorer XII between 10 and 15 R _E on the sunlit side of the earth. Pioneer V observed also a steady field 2 to 5 gammas in magnitude beyond 20 R _E. It appears that there exists a region of turbulent magnetic fields between the geomagnetic field boundary near 10 R _E, and another boundary, located near 14–15 R _E near the earth-sun line. This second boundary was seen only by Pioneer I and Pioneer V; Explorer XII and Explorer X apparently did not reach it. This boundary has been tentatively identified as a shock front in the flow of solar plasma about the magnetosphere (see Figure 5).^{41, 42} The geomagnetic field inside the boundary is relatively quiet. An abrupt transition in the magnitude of fluctuations occurs at the boundary surface. The ratio of fluctuation amplitude, B, to average field, B, decreases from 1 to 0.1 on a passage through the boundary on 13 September 1961.⁴³ The boundary is not unstable in the solar wind but fluctuations in solar wind pressure do cause changes in boundary location.^42,43 The ring current location appears to be above 1.4 R _E and below 5 R _E on the basis of Pioneer I, Vanguard III, and Explorer XII data. Lunik I and II records indicate that it is located between 3 and 4 R _E. Explorer VI data indicates that it must be at distances greater than 4 R _E on the dark side of the earth. Some variation in altitude of a ring current with time appears likely, but the bulk of present evidence limits a possible ring current to a distance of 3 to 5 R _E.The interplanetary field during quiet times is of the order of 2 to 5 gammas. The direction indicated for this field, with a significant component perpendicular to the earth-sun line, is puzzling in view of solar cosmic ray transit times. Solar disturbances with resultant plasma flow past the satellite produce increases in the field magnitude. Field increases at the satellite are sometimes correlated with disturbances observed at the earth.Further investigations are needed to map the magnetosphere and boundary more completely, to investigate the postulated shock front and the turbulent region inside, to refute or confirm the ring current theory, and to measure the interplanetary field direction and magnitude more completely. Theoretical studies are needed to support these experiments and to suggest new avenues of investigations. Particularly needed are theoretical investigations of collisionless shock fronts in plasma flow and of characteristics of the flow between the shock front and the obstacle.     

遥测系统中喷泉码的低延时改进算法

针对喷泉码应用于遥测系统时存在较大系统延时的问题,在对其延时特性进行分析的基础上,提出了一种改进的编译码算法.当编码器接收到部分数据符号时,按照预先制定的度选取策略和符号选取策略,选择当前编码符号的度和生成该编码符号的数据符号进行编码.该算法以减小编码延时为目标,通过分析编码符号发送速率的稳定性和可容忍的最长信号闪断时间可确定合理的编码延时.仿真得到了不同丢符号率下的编码延时、系统延时和所需的编码冗余,结果表明,与传统方案相比,改进方案的编码延时减小了一半以上.通过理论分析和仿真验证,得出了改进算法可明显减小基于喷泉码的遥测系统延时的结论.     

The ACE Science Center

The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) mission is supported by the ACE Science Center for the purposes of processing and distributing ACE data, and facilitating collaborative work on the data by instrument investigators and by the space physics community at large. The Science Center will strive to ensure that the data are properly archived and easily available. In particular, it is intended that use of a centralized science facility will guarantee appropriate use of data formatting standards, thus easing access to the data, will improve communications within and to the ACE science working team, and will reduce redundant effort in data processing. Secondary functions performed by the Science Center include acting as an interface between the scientists and the mission operations team. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Parallel Distributed CFAR Detection Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm with Interval Encoding

Aiming at parallel distributed constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection employing K/N fusion rule, an optimization algorithm based on the genetic algorithm with interval encoding is proposed. N-1 local probabilities of false alarm are selected as optimization variables. And the encoding intervals for local false alarm probabilities are sequentially designed by the person-by-person optimization technique according to the constraints. By turning constrained optimization to unconstrained optimization, the problem of increasing iteration times due to the punishment technique frequently adopted in the genetic algorithm is thus overcome. Then this optimization scheme is applied to spacebased synthetic aperture radar (SAR) multi-angle collaborative detection, in which the nominal factor for each local detector is determined. The scheme is verified with simulations of cases including two, three and four independent SAR systems. Besides, detection performances with varying K and N are compared and analyzed.     

Gating Functions for Multipath Mitigation in GNSS BOC Signals

A new multipath mitigation technique is proposed for binary offset carrier (BOC) signals in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) using the concept of gating function originally conceived for the GPS coarse-acquisition (C/A) code. Specially-tailored pulses are utilized to diminish the number of false-lock points of the code discriminator response and to improve the multipath mitigation capability. The code loop includes only four real correlators (two extra correlators are required for the simplified bump-jumping algorithm with BOC(n,n) signals). Results obtained with BOC(n,n) and BOC(2n,n) signals show that this technique eliminates the multipath ranging errors for reflected rays with relative delays typically above twenty percent of the spreading code chip duration, thus comparing favorably with the conventional receiver correlation techniques.     

Synthetic aperture radar image formation from compressed data usinga new computation technique

A convolution technique is proposed that allows direct reconstruction of the processed synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image from the digitally-sampled, block-encoded raw data. This computational compression technique reduces the number of arithmetic operations from that required by fast Fourier transform (FFT) convolution for SAR processing. SAR phase histories are block encoded and directly processed into an image where only arithmetic additions are required for the processing. For SAR data previously block encoded, the processing time is reduced by a factor of 100 or more. A speed-up of three times over SAR processing by FET convolution has been demonstrated when both computation of the block encoding and subsequent direct processing are included in the time. SAR image quality measurements for a method of block encoding called vector quantization at compression ration ranging from 5:1 to 50:1 show image degradation proportional to the compression ratio. For a 5:1 compression radio, image quality measurements show minimal degradation     

The Goddard Range and Range Rate Tracking System: Concept,design and performance

This paper is concerned with the concept, evolution and performance analysis of a high-accuracy, near-earth and cislunar cooperative target tracking system, known as the Goddard Range and Range Rate System.This system combines the advantages of harmonic (or sidetone) and pseudo-random coded ranging signals in a highly effective and versatile manner, operable either as an all-harmonic system in near-earth orbital tracking or as a hybrid system for tracking more distant spacecraft. The system also combines the utilization of the two types of signals in a very attractive technique for speeding up the process of acquiring the ambiguity resolving code component in tracking spacecraft at cislunar and translunar distances.The theoretical analysis of system performance and errors is followed by a summary of performance data gathered to date by operating GRARR systems on a number of NASA missions.     

基于文本编码分割的医学影像文本水印算法

针对已有文本水印嵌入算法中所采用的二进制数据流描述文本水印时所表达的信息有限、水印容量较小的问题,提出了一种基于文本编码分割的医学影像文本水印算法,通过二维离散小波变换对医学影像的不同层次进行分解,将编码分割处理后的文本水印嵌入到小波分解的三级低频部分,实现了文本水印的隐秘嵌入。实验结果表明,该算法可提高医学影像文本水印容量2-3倍。     

深空通信信道编译码技术研究

初步分析了深空通信的信道特点,参考国外深空通信系统信道编译码方案。结合我国的现状,提出了我国未来深空通信系统应采用的编译码方案,并分析了实现的难点及关键技术。同时,根据信道特点和数据传输速率的要求给出了深空通信的调制方式。     

利用有限域上二元多项式构造带仲裁的认证码

在传统的无条件安全认证码中,假定发方和收方是相互信任的,他们不会互相欺骗。但有些情况也可能不是这样,发方在发出一个消息后,不承认是他发的,收方捏造了一个消息,声称来自发方,在这种情况下就需要增添仲裁方。带仲裁的认证码能解决通信系统中发方与收方互不信任的问题。利用有限域上二元多项式构造了一个带仲裁的认证码,并计算了所构造码的参数。当编码规则按等概率分布选取时,计算出了敌方与收方成功模仿攻击和成功替换攻击的最大概率．以及发方成功模仿攻击的最大概率。     

基于TMS320DM368 的光电吊舱视频压缩系统设计

无人机光电吊舱视频数据的实时压缩处理是无人机光电吊舱的关键技术之一.以DM368为核心处理器,以嵌入式Linux为板级操作系统,设计出一套可供无人机光电吊舱使用的低功耗视频实时压缩系统.与传统的嵌入式视频H.264软件编码压缩系统相比,本系统依赖DM368内嵌的视频协处理硬核处理H.264编码,具有功耗低、处理延迟小、外部电路简单等诸多优势.同时系统以嵌入式Linux为板级操作系统,实时性强,可稳定高效地管理视频采集、硬核调度、串口通信、数据输出等诸多任务.     

使用ASIC芯片实现高清视频编码的设计

本文以高清视频编码为切入点,首先介绍了一款高性能的视频编码ASIC芯片FH8735,然后通过对视频编码设备整体框架的设计介绍,引入了视频编码设备的硬件原理设计方案和软件设计方案,硬件设计方案以不同输入视频格式的种类为章节详细叙述了几种常用视频编码的原理设计,软件设计方案从软件架构和软件流程上对视频编码设备软件进行了讨论。可以看出,ASIC芯片以其独有的优势使得视频编码设备设计越来越简单、功能越来越强大、性能越来越可靠。     

Codes cross-correlation analysis and data/pilot code pairs optimization for Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C

The Galileo E1 open service (OS) and the global positioning system (GPS) L1C are intending to use the multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation in E1/L1 band, including both pilot and data components. The impact of data and pilot codes cross-correlation on the distortion of the discriminator function (i.e., the S-curve) is investigated, when only the pilot (or data) components of MBOC signals are tracked. It is shown that the modulation schemes and the receiver configuration (e.g., the correlator spacing) strongly affect the S-curve bias. In this paper, two methods are proposed to optimize the data/pilot code pairs of Galileo E1 OS and GPS L1C. The optimization goal is to obtain the minimum average S-curve bias when tracking only the pilot components a the specific correlator spacing. Figures of merit, such as S-curve bias, correlation loss and code tracking variance have been adopted for analyzing and comparing the un-optimized and optimized code pairs. Simulation results show that the optimized data/pilot code pairs could significantly mitigate the intra-channel codes cross-correlation, and then improve the code tracking performance of MBOC signals.     

An Overview of the Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) Satellite

The FAST satellite is a highly sophisticated scientific satellite designed to carry out in situ measurements of acceleration physics and related plasma processes associated with the Earth's aurora. Initiated and conceptualized by scientists at the University of California at Berkeley, this satellite is the second of NASA's Small Explorer Satellite program designed to carry out small, highly focused, scientific investigations. FAST was launched on August 21, 1996 into a high inclination (83°) elliptical orbit with apogee and perigee altitudes of 4175 km and 350 km, respectively. The spacecraft design was tailored to take high-resolution data samples (or `snapshots') only while it crosses the auroral zones, which are latitudinally narrow sectors that encircle the polar regions of the Earth. The scientific instruments include energetic electron and ion electrostatic analyzers, an energetic ion instrument that distinguishes ion mass, and vector DC and wave electric and magnetic field instruments. A state-of-the-art flight computer (or instrument data processing unit) includes programmable processors that trigger the burst data collection when interesting physical phenomena are encountered and stores these data in a 1 Gbit solid-state memory for telemetry to the Earth at later times. The spacecraft incorporates a light, efficient, and highly innovative design, which blends proven sub-system concepts with the overall scientific instrument and mission requirements. The result is a new breed of space physics mission that gathers unprecedented fields and particles observations that are continuous and uninterrupted by spin effects. In this and other ways, the FAST mission represents a dramatic advance over previous auroral satellites. This paper describes the overall FAST mission, including a discussion of the spacecraft design parameters and philosophy, the FAST orbit, instrument and data acquisition systems, and mission operations.     

透平进气阀箱的数值模拟

用数值方法模拟了透平进气阀箱的内部流动。为了改善计算的收敛性和提高计算精度,程序采用了ＳＩＭＰＬＥＳＴ迭代求解方法,并引入ｋ－ε湍流模型、壁面函数法和空度的概念进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,本文的方法能够较好的模拟进气阀箱内部复杂的流动,并与已有的一些实验结果吻合良好。