柔性多层冲击空间碎片防护结构设计与试验

充气展开密封结构是未来空间站以及大型空间居住舱的理想构建形式,其外蒙皮由气密层、增强层、微流星体和空间碎片防护层、辐射保护层以及热控层组成。为了既满足对空间碎片的防护,又满足折叠、收纳以及展开的要求,空间碎片防护层需要采用多层冲击防护结构设计。基于多层冲击防护结构,采用国产的玄武岩纤维材料和芳纶织物的特性参数,根据弹道极限方程设定了柔性空间碎片防护层的设计参数,并通过高速撞击试验对根据设计参数生产的试验件进行了试验验证,试验结果与柔性多层冲击防护结构的弹道极限方程吻合较好。     

空间柔性机构运动可靠性分析

根据空间柔性机构运动可靠性的特点,利用浮动坐标系和模态柔性建立了柔性机构动力学微分方程, 并给出其迭代算法的数值求解方法.研究了柔性机构运动可靠性分析仿真方法,包括一次二阶矩法和高效响应面法,特别是针对空间柔性机构运动可靠性的特点,分析了以上方法的适用性.最后,应用ADAMS软件中柔性多体动力学建模、分析和仿真功能,并结合自主开发软件工具序列响应面法S RSM(Sequence Response Surfance Method),成功地对某空间展开机构的运动可靠性进行了分析仿真.      

基于传递矩阵法的柔性杠杆放大机构刚度分析

刚度是影响柔性微动机构动态性能和定位精度的重要指标。将工程中的传递矩阵概念引入到刚度分析中,首先根据结构特点将柔性微动机构模块化并将各子单元视为柔性体,全面考虑其轴向、剪切和弯曲等变形,求解各子单元柔性体的传递矩阵,然后通过传递矩阵将各子单元组合,最后根据力平衡建立柔性微动机构输入力和输出位移之间的关系模型。研究结果表明,传递矩阵法由于考虑了各单元的多维度真实变形,因此保证了结果的高精度。同时分析过程不需要求解刚柔单元变形协调方程,而且避免了微动机构全局坐标系的转换,减少了分析计算量。最后应用该方法建立了一种柔性杠杆放大微动机构的刚度模型,与有限元分析结果的对比误差小于6.4%,有效提高了分析精度,为参数设计提供了重要理论依据。     

Analysis of space debris impact source localization based on PVDF piezoelectric film

As the pace of human exploration and utilization of space continues to accelerate, space debris gradually becomes an inevitable problem affecting and threatening human space activities. When space debris strikes the spacecraft bulkhead, determining the impact source location timely and accurately is the foundation of the repair damage, and is also of great importance for the safety of astronauts' life. This paper analyzed the wave propagation law in thin plates, established a lightweight sensor array using PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) circular thin-film sensors, and used a two-stage light-gas gun loading system to conduct hypervelocity collision localization experiments on impacting 2A12 aluminum plates to study the effects of sensor array radius and sensor size on localization results. The results show that the smaller the radius of the PVDF sensor array is, the more accurate the positioning result is under the premise of the same size of the PVDF circular film sensor array. On the premise of the same PVDF sensor array arrangement, the larger the PVDF circular membrane sensor is, the more accurate the positioning result is. ABAQUS finite element software is used to study the stress wave propagation of aluminum ball impacting aluminum plate at high speed, simulating space debris impacting spacecraft. The stress waveform obtained from the simulation is in good agreement with the experiment, which shows the accuracy of the numerical simulation method.     

基于自适应LMS算法的空间光束快速精扫描跟踪控制方法

针对空间精密光学领域与国防应用对高精度快速光束控制的需求,给出自适应最小均方(LMS)算法对压电快摆镜进行光束扫描跟踪控制.首先描述了自适应LMS控制算法及快摆镜模型辨识方法,随后仿真分析了不同频率及迭代步长对自适应LMS算法跟踪控制的影响,最后采用自适应LMS算法进行了压电快摆镜辨识及扫描跟踪控制实验.实验结果表明,...     

压电智能柔性梁振动主动控制研究

利用压电陶瓷作为作动器,对柔性悬臂梁进行了振动主动控制研究.分析了压电结构振动主动控制的原理和方法.采用独立模态控制法对柔性悬臂梁的前两阶模态实施主动控制.实验结果表明,通过振动主动控制明显增加了柔性悬臂梁的结构阻尼,取得了十分有效的振动抑制效果.      

Estimation of flexible space tether state based on end measurement by finite element Kalman filter state estimator

This paper proposes a novel finite element Kalman filter to estimate the unmeasurable state of space tether systems based on the measured state at its ends only. The finite element method calculates the unmeasurable internal state as the virtual measurement based on the dynamic model of the system by imposing the input of measured state at the boundary to the model using the Lagrange multiplier method in the spatial space. Combining the real and virtual measurement into a hybrid measurement model of the system, the full state is reconstructed and propagated in the temporal space by the extended Kalman filter. Two state-space system models, the dynamics-based and kinematics-based state models, in the Kalman filter are explored. The observability and stability of the newly proposed finite element Kalman filter are examined and proved. The advantages of the proposed state estimator are (i) the singularity in the virtual measurement of state caused by the number of internal state greater than the number of state measured at the boundary is eliminated in the statistic meaning by the Kalman filter, and (ii) the effects of noises of the observation data and the uncertainties of model discretization are considered and minimized. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed state estimator is demonstrated by the numerical analysis of a space tether system orbiting around the Earth. The results show the proposed state estimator with only measured state at the ends of the tether successfully provides an accurate time history estimation of geometric configuration and motion of the entire tether. Moreover, the results also show the difference caused by the dynamics-based and kinematics-based system models in the state estimator is negligible. The kinematics-based system model should be used in the state estimator due to its significantly low computational load. Finally, the proposed method can be easily applied for the state estimation process for other space tethered spacecraft systems.     

模块化空间折展机构研究现状与展望

模块化空间折展机构具有拓展灵活、通用性好、适应性强等特点,可满足长距离深空探测、长期在轨空间站建设和超广域卫星通信等重大航天工程对大型/超大型空间折展机构的需求,是一种新型关键的航天装备.针对应用需求,阐述了模块化空间折展机构领域的研究进展,重点介绍了伸展臂、太阳翼和空间可展开天线等3类折展机构中具有模块化特征的典型构...     

充液挠性航天器的建模与动力学分析

借助于Kane方法建立了充液中心刚体上带有挠性附件的航天器的开链多体动力学模型.采用了混合坐标法和弹簧-质量块液体晃动等效力学模型,所得方程形式简洁.由于引入了2级附件,该模型具有更强的通用性.以跟踪与数据中继卫星为例,给出了数值仿真结果.      

Research on comets from space

Review of spectrometric and photometric measurements of recent comets from rockets and satellites.     

基于柔性平面靶标的摄像机现场标定方法

提出一种摄像机现场柔性平面靶标标定方法.该方法仅需在平面靶标上设置少量空间三维坐标已知特征点.在这些特征点中,任意共线的特征点可以确定一条直线,因此可以确定若干条直线.根据在透视投影变换下,直线和直线的交点均为不变量的性质,可获得除已知特征点之外的大量标定特征点用于摄像机标定.基于误差传播理论,对标定点的不确定度进行了详细分析.采用研制的尺寸为100mm×100mm,加工精度为0.01mm的柔性平面靶标,对摄像机进行了现场标定实验,获得了0.032mm的标定精度.     

基于柔性曲杆的车辆跟踪算法设计与实现

针对前车有加速度和转弯时无法保证跟踪精度的困难,提出一种柔性曲杆的新算法应用于车辆自动跟踪.假设前后车间有一根虚拟柔性曲杆联接着,杆长等于前后车间沿着前车轨迹线的距离长,杆的弯曲变形与前车的转弯半径相同.利用短圆弧半径来记录前车转弯半径,解决了传统轨迹方程不平滑连续的问题;对于后车跟踪的速度控制,设计了一个基于杆长与安全距离的加速度分类模糊集,用以更新后车的线速度,避免了后车行驶中出现的磕头现象.最后,在三维机器人仿真软件中进行实体编程仿真,结果表明该方法具有可行性,轨迹跟踪误差达到1 cm以下.      

基于同波束干涉测量的航天器姿态测量研究

基于地基同波束干涉测量,建立了航天器姿态测量数学模型及方程,给出了姿态解算方法,并对方程可解性与解算精度因子进行了分析。通过模拟在轨航天器轨道运行,进行了基于同波束干涉测量的航天器姿态解算数值仿真和误差分析,对解算误差和观测俯仰角的关系进行了分析和验证。结果表明,利用3个地面测站针对航天器上3个下行天线信号开展同波束干涉测量,辅以精度因子约束进行姿态解算,可以获得有效的航天器姿态信息,其精度最高可达0.001°。该方法可以作为在轨航天器姿态测量的备份手段。     

Possible mechanism of microgravity impact on Carausius morosus ontogenesis.

Experiments aboard "Spacelab-D1" and "Cosmos-1887" revealed an adverse effect of space flight on Carausius morosus embryos. The main influencing factor for stick insect eggs turned out to be microgravity, while the contribution of HZE particles of cosmic radiation was relatively low. Flight experiments indicated an increased vulnerability of stick insect eggs to microgravity at intermediate stages of development, that could support the "convection" hypothesis.     

Uncertainty propagation for statistical impact prediction of space debris

Predictions of the impact time and location of space debris in a decaying trajectory are highly influenced by uncertainties. The traditional Monte Carlo (MC) method can be used to perform accurate statistical impact predictions, but requires a large computational effort. A method is investigated that directly propagates a Probability Density Function (PDF) in time, which has the potential to obtain more accurate results with less computational effort. The decaying trajectory of Delta-K rocket stages was used to test the methods using a six degrees-of-freedom state model. The PDF of the state of the body was propagated in time to obtain impact-time distributions. This Direct PDF Propagation (DPP) method results in a multi-dimensional scattered dataset of the PDF of the state, which is highly challenging to process. No accurate results could be obtained, because of the structure of the DPP data and the high dimensionality. Therefore, the DPP method is less suitable for practical uncontrolled entry problems and the traditional MC method remains superior. Additionally, the MC method was used with two improved uncertainty models to obtain impact-time distributions, which were validated using observations of true impacts. For one of the two uncertainty models, statistically more valid impact-time distributions were obtained than in previous research.     

Latin American space activities based on different infrastructures

The paper deals with recent basic space research and space applications in several Latin-American countries. It links space activities with national scientific and institutional infrastructures and stresses the importance of interdisciplinary space programs, that can play a major role in the developing countries achievement of self reliance in space matters.