双模态燃烧室隔离段激波串位置的测量及控制

隔离段是双模态超燃冲压发动机隔离进气道和燃烧室相互干扰、实现亚燃-超燃双模态的重要部件.在发动机实际工作过程中,燃烧室反压引起的进气道不起动在飞行器加速爬升阶段是需要极力避免和预防的.针对双模态超燃冲压发动机整机模型和燃烧室模型进行了数值模拟研究,分析了激波串前沿位置与隔离段压力分布的关系,在此基础上介绍了三种通过隔离段壁面压力实时测量和监控隔离段激波串前沿位置的方法,并完成了验证实验.结果表明,所使用的计算方法有效可行;隔离段壁面压力分布能够很好地反应隔离段的激波串前沿位置,通过监控隔离段壁面压力分布,控制隔离段激波串前沿位置,能够有效避免和预防燃烧室反压过高引起的进气道不起动问题.     

超声速燃烧室壁面压力特征实验研究

为了评估基于燃烧室壁面压力实时监控的双模态超燃冲压发动机闭环控制系统方案的可行性,在西北工业大学地面直连式实验台上开展了一系列双模态超燃冲压发动机燃烧室地面直连式实验。实验模拟了飞行马赫数4.0条件下两个不同燃烧室构型点火燃烧的实际工作过程,测量并分析了燃烧室壁面压力脉动、压力响应和激波串前沿位置等特征。燃烧室进口来流状态为马赫数2.0、总温约880K、总压0.8~1MPa。实验结果表明,燃烧室壁面压力存在明显脉动,且脉动幅度随着油气比的增加呈现增加趋势;壁面压力响应很快,响应时间在毫秒量级,说明在超燃冲压发动机闭环控制中,通过燃烧室实时壁面压力反馈来调节供油控制燃烧室工作状态是可能的;另外,通过改变燃油流量能够实时控制隔离段激波串前沿位置。     

双模态超燃冲压发动机最大供油模态计算方法研究

为了获得不同飞行状态下双模态超燃冲压发动机最大供油状态,在集总参数方程的双模态超燃冲压发动机性能计算模型基础上,通过分析双模态超燃冲压发动机堵塞边界条件及工作机理,发展了最大供油模态流量平衡的求解方法,并以此为基础建立了双模态超燃冲压发动机最大供油模态计算模型。给出某飞行条件下的最大供油模态迭代计算过程,并详细描述了其所表征的物理现象,其流量平衡计算精度达10~(-4),并在此基础上完成了不同飞行马赫数下的最大供油模态计算,获得相应的燃烧室最大供油量及隔离段/燃烧室沿程参数分布。结果表明,该计算方法可实现双模态超燃冲压发动机最大供油模态的流量平衡计算,并能精确地捕捉给定燃油分配形式下的燃烧室最大供油量。     

空气节流对乙烯燃料超燃冲压发动机流场结构影响研究

空气节流可以有效地实现超燃冲压发动机燃烧室燃料的稳定燃烧,采用非定常数值模拟和地面试验研究了空气节流作用下乙烯燃料超燃冲压发动机的流场特性。结果表明:在燃烧室入口马赫数2、静温530K,静压0.1MPa,845mm处节流条件下,冷流流场达到稳定所需时间较短,约为2ms;在空气节流开始后的6ms注入燃料实现发动机的起动点火是合适的;28ms后燃烧流场稳定,流场呈现短周期的小幅振荡,周期约为0.86ms,振荡对流场的影响很小;壁面压力数据的数值模拟结果与试验结果匹配良好,数值模拟更加全面地给出了流场结构信息。     

超燃冲压发动机进气道特性及传感器选择研究

针对超燃冲压发动机进气道状态监测系统的需求,通过对超燃冲压发动机进气道进行二维流场数值模拟,得到了超燃冲压发动机进气道在不同马赫数、不同反压下的数值模拟结果,进而通过分析进气道从起动状态到不起动状态下的壁面静压分布特性,给出了进气道起动状态的初步判断准则。在确定了进气道监测参数的基础上,将可拓学理论用于超燃冲压发动机传感器选型中,建立了超燃冲压发动机传感器选型的综合评价方法,并以压力传感器选型算例验证了该方法的可靠性。该研究为超燃冲压发动机参数测量方案制定和状态监测系统设计提供参考。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室构型对燃烧室性能影响

在超燃冲压发动机直连式试验台上,通过调节超燃冲压发动机燃烧室壁面扩张角和燃料喷注位置,对燃烧室构型进行了试验优化,并定量分析了燃烧室构型对燃烧室性能的影响。采用正交试验设计方法组织燃烧室形面调节,每个形面进行5种喷注位置的试验,每次试验通过文氏管调节燃料流量实现3个当量比的燃烧室工况。利用试验数据构造了燃烧室性能关于构型参数的响应面模型,经两次渐进优化获得了最佳燃烧室构型,其推力增益比基准构型增大了10.4%;试验误差小于5.0%,且试验调节参数基本呈正态分布;参数影响分析表明燃烧室性能受各耦合因素的强烈影响,各因素影响的差异不显著,且较小的第1级、第2级扩张角和较大的第3级、第4级燃烧室扩张角以及适当集中靠前喷油、适当提高当量比有利于获得更高的燃烧室性能。     

超燃冲压发动机性能初步研究

介绍了北京动力机械研究所进行的超燃冲压发动机初步研究。该方面研究包括超声速燃烧初步试验研究、双模态超燃冲压发动机燃烧室计算模拟和试验研究、高超声速进气道研究、超燃冲压发动机模型自由射流试验研究,获得了良好的高超声速进气道和超燃冲压发动机的工作性能。     

马赫数10超燃冲压发动机激波风洞实验研究

基于室温氢气驱动激波风洞实现总压28MPa、总焓4.7MJ/kg、名义马赫数10超声速空气自由来流模拟,开展二维超燃冲压发动机自由射流点火实验,实现稳定燃烧,燃烧持续时间5ms。通过此次试验,探索尝试了马赫数10超燃冲压发动机地面点火燃烧试验技术,初步获得了高马赫超燃冲压发动机点火/燃烧过程参数和基本现象规律。试验中,采用高速相机完整记录了氢气喷注、着火、燃烧现象和燃烧持续过程,采用高频压力传感器和热电偶进行沿程壁面压力和热流测量。研究结果表明,马赫数10自由来流条件下,气态氢燃料垂直喷入超声速来流能够实现自点火,并发生剧烈燃烧,燃烧区域压力上升幅度40%,壁面热流上升幅度达100%。     

不同台阶高度下固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室初始型面变化规律

为了获得固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室初始型面和研究不同台阶高度下的初始型面的变化规律,将固体燃料燃面退移速率模型耦合到准一维流动方程中,发展了一种计算固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能的准一维数值计算方法。利用该方法,将燃空比和流场马赫数作为燃烧室性能的优化参数,得出了不同台阶高度下满足优化目标的燃烧室型面。根据所得的优化型面,归纳了型面参数随着台阶高度的变化规律。结果表明,随着台阶高度的增大,燃烧室的整体长度增大,等直段的长度增大,扩张段的扩张比减小,扩张段的长度减小。      

富氢/富氧燃气同轴剪切气-气喷嘴性能仿真分析

采用正交试验设计方法对富氢/富氧燃气同轴剪切气-气喷嘴设计参数氧压降比、燃氧速度比、氧喷嘴出口壁厚进行组合,数值模拟单喷嘴燃烧室燃烧流场,研究喷嘴设计参数及参数之间的交互作用对燃烧性能和燃烧室热载性能的影响,评价指标为燃烧长度、燃烧室壁面平均燃气温度和喷注面板平均燃气温度.仿真结果表明,燃氧速度比对燃烧与热载有显著影响,氧压降比与氢氧燃氧速度比的交互作用影响明显,分析结果对气-气喷嘴试验设计有重要指导意义.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.