一个面向5轴曲面加工的实时NURBS曲面插补器

提出了一个实时非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面插补器,论述了5轴平头刀加工方法运用Taylor展开和坐标变换方法分别推导并实现了NURBS插补、刀具有效加工半径、刀具补偿以及逆运动变换等算法。与传统自由曲面加工不同的是,所提出的插补器能根据刀触点进给率而非刀位点进给率实时生成计算机数控(CNC)机床运动指令。对实例零件曲面进行演示与仿真分析结果表明该曲面插补器可以应用于5轴曲面加工中。     

自由曲面叶轮的四坐标数控加工研究

 针对自由曲面叶轮的四坐标加工，提出了一种刀轴矢量的确定方法。给定工作台倾斜角度和刀具后跟角，四坐标加工的刀轴矢量必然位于这两个角度确定的两个圆锥面上。通过对两个圆锥面求交并结合叶轮加工的实际特点，给出了自由曲面叶轮四坐标加工刀轴矢量的计算方法。根据得到的刀轴矢量，计算相应的侧偏角，从而可将五坐标加工的理论和方法直接应用于四坐标加工中。算例表明，该方法合理可行，能够有效提高四坐标加工效率、降低叶轮加工成本，并可推广至一般曲面的四坐标加工以及五轴四联动加工。     

精密复杂曲面零件多轴数控加工技术研究进展

多轴数控（CNC）加工是现代工业中的标志性加工技术,在能源、动力、国防、运载工具、航空航天等制造领域的关键零部件加工中占据着主导地位。随着这些领域中高端装备性能要求越来越高,涌现出一大批加工难度大、性能指标要求苛刻的精密复杂曲面零件,其加工已由以往单纯的形位精度要求,跃升为形位与性能指标并重的高性能加工要求,给传统的复杂曲面零件数控加工技术带来了严峻挑战。针对精密复杂曲面零件形位精度保证、加工效率提升及动态切削过程可控等关键技术问题,从多轴数控加工的高效加工路径设计、进给率规划以及加工动力学分析等方面,详细论述相关加工技术的研究现状、存在的难点和核心问题,指出可行的解决途径、突破方向和未来的发展趋势,为实现复杂曲面零件的高性能数控加工提供参考和依据。     

连续短线段空间圆弧转接与插补

针对连续短线段高速加工控制需求,研究了利用空间圆弧转接实现高速插补的方法。建立了圆弧转接数学模型,研究了转接的几何约束和运动约束、转接参数计算、空间圆弧插补等相关理论与算法,并详细分析了算法的使用范围、效率制约因素和计算量等工程实现相关问题。仿真和加工实验表明:该转接算法能显著提高加工效率,减小振动,改善工件表面质量。作为空间圆弧转接算法基础的空间圆弧插补算法对空间任意平面内圆弧插补具有实用价值。本文所有算法已经在自主研发的数控平台上进行了验证,应用效果良好。     

叶片型面曲率属性对数控铣削加工过程的影响

提出了一种基于曲面曲率属性分析数控铣削加工过程的方法.该方法通过在构建的自由曲面上规划走刀轨迹,建立刀位轨迹等参数曲线,来分析等参数曲线曲率属性对加工干涉和加工带宽度的影响.同时,通过对刀位轨迹和残留高度与曲面曲率属性之间关系的研究,获得了影响数控铣削加工效率、加工精度及发生干涉的一些规律.此外,研究表明通过对刀具半径、残留高度与加工表面曲率之间的吻合关系曲线合理优化,可有效提高加工带宽度.试验结果证明该曲面曲率属性分析数控铣削加工过程的方法是有效的,加工效率可提高5%~8%.      

薄壁叶片叶型多工序加工检验模型建立方法

为了提高叶片的加工质量、降低叶片成品的废品率和加工成本，以航空发动机薄壁叶片数控铣削、抛光、振动光饰、喷丸强化的典型加工工艺为研究对象，提出了一种面向多工序的加工变形误差补偿方法及加工检验模型的建立方法。分析各工序的加工变形规律，将多工序变形误差作为一个整体，利用反变形误差补偿方法建立数控精铣工序的加工模型。图纸要求的理论模型只作为最终检验模型，而工序检验模型根据后续加工误差累加对最终检验模型修改得到。通过实例验证，该方法有效地降低了叶片工序检验结论的误判率，保证了工序检验合格及最终检验合格的要求。     

脊状表面的加工成型技术及其减阻试验研究

为了研究脊状表面的减阻特性,采用数控加工技术在有机玻璃平板上制备脊状表面.在制备过程中,成功解决了脊状结构尺寸的确定、材料的选择、表面粗糙度的提高等问题.利用热线风速仪在低速风洞中分别对光滑表面和多个脊状表面进行了流场测试,获得了湍流边界层内流动参数的分布情况.试验结果表明,脊状表面改变了边界层内的流场结构,抑制了湍流...     

机器人技术在机械加工中的应用

机器人取代机床从事机械加工已成为自动化加工发展的一大趋向。本文在分析工业机器人应用现状的基础上,提出了机器人加工系统存在的一些问题,还对并联机床的发展作了展望。     

数控机床校准周期的合理确定

从具体实际出发，充分分析影响机床最终加工精度的诸多因素，应用田口方法科学合理地确定数控机床的最佳校准周期，保障机床加工过程的质量控制。     

热喷涂层的加工技术

热喷涂层由于其优异的高硬、耐磨、防腐等特性得到了广泛的应用,但如何优质、高效、低损耗地对其加工一直是困扰人们的难题。本文较为详细介绍了国内、外目前在热喷涂层加工方面的研究进展,存在的问题,各种加工方法的优缺点及适用范围。     

汽车轮毂挤压铸模型腔造型设计及加工

结合CAD／CAM软件UGⅡ的应用．阐述了汽车轮毂挤压铸模型腔造型及数控加工技术．并介绍了型腔设计及加工中所产生的各种问题的解决方法。     

整体叶盘铣削数控编程与加工技术

整体叶盘有良好的结构完整性、轻质化、装配环节少、装配精度高等优点,已被广泛应用于航空发动机中。根据整体叶盘的切削加工特征,将其简化为整体叶盘基准件,从数控编程和加工技术两方面实现整体叶盘的高质量加工。首先,利用Hyper MILL软件对整体叶盘基准件进行数控编程,优化获得理想的刀具路径,保证高效高质量的零件加工。然后,利用DMU-70V五轴加工中心对钛合金TC4整体叶盘基准件进行切削加工,在整体叶盘基准件叶片和流道几何特征的精加工时,选用不同型号的立铣刀,并监测加工过程中的切削力。最后,对加工后叶片和流道加工表面形貌进行测试分析,并结合切削力对比分析国产刀具和进口刀具对钛合金整体叶盘的切削加工性能。     

影响超精密车床加工精度的因素及其对策

结合ＨＣＭ－Ｉ型超精密车床的实际ｑ详细分析了影响超精密车床精度的几种主要因素，并提出了在数控系统中进行实时补偿的方法     

复杂曲面边界槽五座标数控加工的刀位计算

以两种较简单的加工──交线及底曲面的刀位计算结果产生槽加工的刀位数据。提出了刀具位置边界槽及基于边界槽的刀位计算方法。该算法中刀心位置由底面加工的刀心轨迹相对边界槽裁剪而得;刀轴矢量由边界槽空间网格划分产生。提出并证明了用于获得无干涉的和均匀变化的刀轴矢量的空间网格划分的准则。本文算法可对带岛屿及复杂曲面边界的槽进行五座标数控加工的刀位计算。     

Machining fixture for adaptive CNC machining process of near-net-shaped jet engine blade

Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing.     

Trajectory optimisation in electrical discharge machining of three-dimensional curved and twisted channels

Numerical control electrical discharge machining(NC EDM) is one of the most widely used machining technologies for manufacturing a closed blisk flow path, particularly for three-dimensional(3D) curved and twisted flow channels. In this process, tool electrode design and machining trajectory planning are the key factors affecting machining accessibility and efficiency. Herein, to reduce the difficulty in designing the electrode and its motion path in the closed curved and twisted channels, a heur...     

Electrochemical machining of complex components of aero-engines: Developments,trends, and technological advances

Because of several advantages, such as no tool wear, independence on the mechanical properties of the material, and high machining efficiency, electrochemical machining (ECM) has become a viable method for machining components in numerous industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of typical aero-engine components with complex structures fabricated from materials that are difficult to cut. This paper highlights the current developments, new trends, and technological advances of key factors of ECM, such as electrochemical dissolution characteristics of novel difficult to cut materials which are often used in aero-engine, numerical simulation of electrochemical process, design for the complex profile and structure of cathode tool, flow field simulation and design for uniform electrolyte flow, and innovation of electrochemical machining or hybrid methods which reflect the state of the art in academic and industrial research on electrochemical machining in aero-engine manufacturing.     

一种基于点搜索的叶轮清根轨迹生成方法(英文)

清根区域的加工质量严重影响着叶轮的工作性能。为了快速地规划出清根加工刀位轨迹并获得较好的表面加工质量,提出了一种基于点搜索的叶轮清根轨迹生成方法。本文中的清根加工主要包括利用球头刀对自由曲面叶轮进行单刀清根和多刀清根。对于单刀清根,刀心位置通过判断其是否满足距离准则来确定。在确定了搜索方向和追踪方向后,借助于点搜索算法,得到所有切触点,刀位点以及清根边界,从而生成刀位轨迹。基于单刀清根的原理,提出了一种分层多刀清根的方法,清根刀具半径小于清根圆角设计半径。使用一系列中间虚拟刀具将清根区域分成若干层,给定最后一层的残留高度,然后计算出所有刀位轨迹。最后给出了仿真实例,结果证明了所提方法的可行性。     

An investigation on adaptively machining the leading and tailing edges of an SPF/DB titanium hollow blade using free-form deformation

Titanium hollow blades are characterized with lightweight and high structural strength, which are widely used in advanced aircraft engines nowadays. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) combined with numerical control (NC) milling is a major solution for manufacturing titanium hollow blades. Due to the shape deviation caused by multiple heat and pressure cycles in the SPF/DB process, it is hard to manufacture the leading and tailing edges by the milling process. This paper presents a new adaptive machining approach using free-form deformation to solve this problem. The actual SPF/DB shape of a hollow blade was firstly inspected by an on-machine measurement method. The measured point data were matched to the nominal SPF/DB shape with an improved ICP algorithm afterwards, by which the point-pairs between the measurement points and their corresponding points on the nominal SPF/DB shape were established, and the maximum modification amount of the final nominal shape was constrained. Based on the displacements between the point-pairs, an accurate FFD volume was iteratively calculated. By embedding the final nominal shape in the deformation space, a new final shape of the hollow blade was built. Finally, a series of measurement and machining tests was performed, the results of which validated the feasibility of the proposed adaptive machining approach.     

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.